Macro and Microstructural Organization of the Dog's Caudal Mesenteric Ganglion Complex (<i>Canis Familiaris</i>‐Linnaeus, 1758)

Gagliardo, Karina Martinez; Guidi, Wanderley Lima; Silva, R. A. Da; Ribeiro, Antônio Augusto Coppi Maciel

doi:10.1046/j.1439-0264.2003.00480.x

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Inside each ganglionic unit the most prominent cellular elements were ganglion neurons, glial cells and SIF cells, which were altogether named as the ganglion morphological triad, similar to that reported for the dog's celiac and caudal mesenteric ganglia by Ribeiro et al [2002] and Gagliardo et al [2003], respectively. Given this morphological arrangement, the SCG from dogs, cats and horses is much better characterised as a ganglion complex, and this structural arrangement might be due to the presence of very specific SCG innervation territories and target organs as seen by injecting retrograde neurotracers that revealed the exact localisation of the labelled neurons in SCG [Bowers and Zigmond, 1979;Flett and Bell, 1991;Luebke and Wright, 1992;Andrews et al, 1996;Hayakawa et al, 2000].…”

Section: Microstructuresupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Therefore, SCG was divided into distinct compartments by capsular septa of connective tissue as reported for mammalian sympathetic ganglia by Gabella et al [1988], Szurszewski and King [1989], Szurszewski and Miller [1994], Miolan and Niel [1996], Schmidt [1996], Ribeiro et al [2002], Gagliardo et al [2003] and Ribeiro et al [2004]. Gabella et al [1988] described that the sheep's SCG is composed of several ganglion units, each one being constituted of neurons and glial capsule.…”

Section: Microstructurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Macro- and Microstructure of the Superior Cervical Ganglion in Dogs, Cats and Horses during Maturation

Fioretto

Abreu

Castro

et al. 2007

Cells Tissues Organs

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The superior cervical ganglion (SCG) provides sympathetic input to the head and neck, its relation with mandible, submandibular glands, eyes (second and third order control) and pineal gland being demonstrated in laboratory animals. In addition, the SCG’s role in some neuropathies can be clearly seen in Horner’s syndrome. In spite of several studies published involving rats and mice, there is little morphological descriptive and comparative data of SCG from large mammals. Thus, we investigated the SCG’s macro- and microstructural organization in medium (dogs and cats) and large animals (horses) during a very specific period of the post-natal development, namely maturation (from young to adults). The SCG of dogs, cats and horses were spindle shaped and located deeply into the bifurcation of the common carotid artery, close to the distal vagus ganglion and more related to the internal carotid artery in dogs and horses, and to the occipital artery in cats. As to macromorphometrical data, that is ganglion length, there was a 23.6% increase from young to adult dogs, a 1.8% increase from young to adult cats and finally a 34% increase from young to adult horses. Histologically, the SCG’s microstructure was quite similar between young and adult animals and among the 3 species. The SCG was divided into distinct compartments (ganglion units) by capsular septa of connective tissue. Inside each ganglion unit the most prominent cellular elements were ganglion neurons, glial cells and small intensely fluorescent cells, comprising the ganglion’s morphological triad. Given this morphological arrangement, that is a summation of all ganglion units, SCG from dogs, cats and horses are better characterized as a ganglion complex rather than following the classical ganglion concept. During maturation (from young to adults) there was a 32.7% increase in the SCG’s connective capsule in dogs, a 25.8% increase in cats and a 33.2% increase in horses. There was an age-related increase in the neuronal profile size in the SCG from young to adult animals, that is a 1.6-fold, 1.9-fold and 1.6-fold increase in dogs, cats and horses, respectively. On the other hand, there was an age-related decrease in the nuclear profile size of SCG neurons from young to adult animals (0.9-fold, 0.7-fold and 0.8-fold in dogs, cats and horses, respectively). Ganglion connective capsule is composed of 2 or 3 layers of collagen fibres in juxtaposition and, as observed in light microscopy and independently of the animal’s age, ganglion neurons were organised in ganglionic units containing the same morphological triad seen in light microscopy.

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Section: Microstructuresupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Microstructurementioning

confidence: 99%

Macro- and Microstructure of the Superior Cervical Ganglion in Dogs, Cats and Horses during Maturation

Fioretto

Abreu

Castro

et al. 2007

Cells Tissues Organs

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“…In these studies we always found the CaMG as the paired structure. Gagliardo et al (2003) have proved the canine CaMG to be the impaired structure. This well documented study performed on 40 individuals are in disagreement with a report (Zacharko et al 2004) describing the localisation of neurones supplying the prostate gland and claiming that the retrogradely traced neurones were found within bilateral CaMG-s.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Textbooks of veterinary anatomy contain only general descriptions of the abdominal part of the sympathetic nervous system, especially its caudal portion (Klimov and Akajewski 1953, Nickel et al 2004, Koenig and Liebich 2007. Except some contributions (Gagliardo et al 2003, Berghes 2007, the literature lacks of wider information on the caudal mesenteric ganglion gross anatomy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The physiology and pathophysiology of the CaMG and corresponding plexus is widely discussed in the literature (Melman and Kapskya 1960, Nozdrachev 1968, Kostina 1971, Komissarov and Krivobok 1975, Archakova 1979, Kaleczyc et al 1995, Sann et al 1995, Berthoud and Powley 1996, Elfvin et al 1997, Ribeiro et al 2000a, Ribeiro et al 2000b, Pasichnichenko and Skok 2002, Gagliardo et al 2003, Koval et al 2004, Gagliardo et al 2005, Pidsudko et al 2011. Unfortunately, the lack of detailed descriptions of these structures in domestic mammals, besides some general comments provided by anatomical textbooks (Dyce et al 2002, Nickel et al 2004, Koenig and Liebich 2007, have partly prompted us to undertake anatomical studies regarding the ovine CaMG.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Caudal mesenteric ganglion in the sheep – macroanatomical and immunohistochemical study

Sienkiewicz¹,

Chrószcz²,

Dudek³

et al. 2015

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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The caudal mesenteric ganglion (CaMG) is a prevetrebral ganglion which provides innervation to a number of organs in the abdominal and pelvic cavity. The morphology of CaMG and the chemical coding of neurones in this ganglion have been described in humans and many animal species, but data on this topic in the sheep are entirely lacking. This prompted us to undertake a study to determine the localization and morphology of sheep CaMG as well as immunohistochemical properties of its neurons. The study was carried out on 8 adult sheep, weighing from 40 to 60 kg each. The sheep were deeply anaesthetised and transcardially perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde. CaMG-s were exposed and their location was determined. Macroanatomical observations have revealed that the ovine CaMG is located at the level of last two lumbar (L5 or L6) and the first sacral (S1) vertebrae. The ganglion represents an unpaired structure composed of several, sequentially arranged aggregates of neurons. Immunohistochemical investigations revealed that nearly all (99.5%) the neurons were DβH-IR and were richly supplied by VACHT-IR nerve terminals forming "basket-like" structures around the perikarya. VACHT-IR neurones were not determined. Many neurons (55%) contained immunoreactivity to NPY, some of them (10%) stained for Met-ENK and solitary nerve cells were GAL-positive. CGRP-IR nerve fibres were numerous and a large number of them simultaneously expressed immunoreactivity to SP. Single, weakly stained neurones were SP-IR and only very few nerve cells weakly stained for VIP.

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The Developing Left Superior Cervical Ganglion of Pacas (Agouti paca)

Melo

Nyengaard

Oliveira

et al. 2009

The Anatomical Record

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In this study the main question investigated was the number and size of both binucleate and mononucleate superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons and, whether post-natal development would affect these parameters. Twenty left SCGs from 20 male pacas were used. Four different ages were investigated, that is newborn (4 days), young (45 days), adult (2 years), and aged animals (7 years). By using design-based stereological methods, that is the Cavalieri principle and a physical disector combined with serial sectioning, the total volume of ganglion and total number of mononucleate and binucleate neurons were estimated. Furthermore, the mean perikaryal (somal) volume of mononucleate and binucleate neurons was estimated using the vertical nucleator. The main findings of this study were a 154% increase in the SCG volume, a 95% increase in the total number of mononucleate SCG neurons and a 50% increase in the total volume of SCG neurons. In conclusion, apart from neuron number, different adaptive mechanisms may coexist in the autonomic nervous system to guarantee a functional homeostasis during ageing, which is not always associated with neuron losses. Anat Rec, 292:966-975, 2009. V V C 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Macro and Microstructural Organization of the Dog's Caudal Mesenteric Ganglion Complex (Canis Familiaris‐Linnaeus, 1758)

Cited by 11 publications

References 27 publications

Macro- and Microstructure of the Superior Cervical Ganglion in Dogs, Cats and Horses during Maturation

Macro- and Microstructure of the Superior Cervical Ganglion in Dogs, Cats and Horses during Maturation

Caudal mesenteric ganglion in the sheep – macroanatomical and immunohistochemical study

The Developing Left Superior Cervical Ganglion of Pacas (Agouti paca)

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