Macro- and micromorphological characterization of staminodes in the Plains Prickly Pear Opuntia polyacantha Haw. (Cactaceae)

Rice, Ryan S.; Vera-Vélez, Roy; Falconer, Denver J.; Belliveau, Nicholas A.; Cota-Sánchez, J. Hugo

doi:10.1007/s40415-022-00790-8

Cited by 1 publication

(7 citation statements)

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“…The presence of staminodes in Opuntia polyacantha flowers was reported earlier (Cota-Sánchez et al 2013), but a recent scanning electron microscopy investigation of regular and staminodial flowers indicate that the staminodes of this prickly pear cactus display different shapes and derive from androecial parts, specifically from fertile stamens via a series of transformations involving gradual widening (Rice et al 2022). The purpose of this research is to further explore androecial parts in staminodial flowers of this cactus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…In turn, Li et al (2021) classified the stamens of Clematis macropetala into four forms based on shape and anther size, specifically tepaloid staminode (St 1 ), spatulate staminode (St 2 ), linear-spatulate fertile stamen (St 3 ), and linear fertile stamen (St 4 ), all of which share similar early development but gradually differentiate in the later, final stage. Among these, the first two forms can be included within the context of this discussion because St 1 has tardy development and lacks anther differentiation (as the O. polyacantha tepaloid staminode) whereas St 2 develops abnormally in early stages of anther differentiation and bears a primordium of an anther, which also evokes the incipient pseudo-anther reported by Rice et al (2022) and further portrayed here (Figs. 4 and 5A).…”

Section: Staminode Origin In Opuntia Polyacanthamentioning

confidence: 91%

“…For synchrotron scanning purposes regular stamens, staminodes and other floral organs were dissected and fixed in 70% EtOH until the color completely faded, and then the stamens and staminodes were dissected from the floral cup, working from the center (innermost) whorl outwards and placed in separate 1.5-ml Eppendorf tubes. The samples were then dehydrated according to Rice et al (2022). Afterwards, the samples were critical point dried with liquid CO 2 (Polaron Instruments E3000) and affixed on aluminum stubs following Almeida et al (2012).…”

Section: Preparation Of Stamens and Staminodes For Micromorphological...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies, e.g., Ronse De Craene and Smets (2001), Hufford (2003), Endress and Mathews (2006), Botnaru and Schenk (2019), Meaders et al (2020), andLi et al (2021), are useful in the understanding of staminode structure, origin, and development in flowering plants. However, in-depth descriptions of staminodes are limited in the cactus family, except for that of Rice et al (2022) and several general reports of these appendages in unisexual flowers of several cacti. In the Cactaceae, the stamens are initiated in centrifugal progression from a primary ring in the floral cup (Ross 1982) as demonstrated in the conspicuous androecia of Disocactus (Buxbaum 1953) and Schlumbergera truncata (Apolônio 2022).…”

Section: Staminode Origin In Opuntia Polyacanthamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The morphological foundations for the existence of diverse shapes of tepals and staminodes in O. polyacantha may be due to the intricate aggregation of several organs (Rice et al 2022), which is also the case in several angiosperms (Endress and Matthews 2006). Because of the possible involvement of more than one floral series in the origin of staminodes of O. polyacantha, it is reasonable to consider the ABC model of floral development in angiosperms.…”

Section: Staminode Origin In Opuntia Polyacanthamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synchrotron micro-computed tomography unveils the three-dimensional structure and origin of staminodes in the Plains Prickly Pear Cactus Opuntia polyacantha Haw. (Cactaceae)

et al. 2023

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Floral appendages display an array of shapes and sizes. Among these organs, staminodes are morphologically diverse structures that have lost the ability to produce pollen, but in some instances, they produce fertile pollen grains. In the family Cactaceae staminodes are uncommon and range from simple linear to flat to spatulate structures, but studies describing their structural attributes are scanty. This study highlights the advantages of synchrotron radiation for sample preparation and as a research tool for plant biology. It describes the internal morphology of floral parts, particularly stamen, tepal, and staminode in the Plains Prickly Pear Cactus, Opuntia polyacantha, using synchrotron radiation micro-computed tomography (SR-μCT). It also shows the different anatomical features in reconstructed three-dimensional imaging of reproductive parts and discuss the advantages of the segmentation method to detect and characterize the configuration and intricate patterns of vascular networks and associated structures of tepal and androecial parts applying SR-μCT. This powerful technology led to substantial improvements in terms of resolution allowing a more comprehensive understanding of the anatomical organization underlying the vasculature of floral parts and inception of staminodes in O. polyacantha. Tepal and androecial parts have uniseriate epidermis enclosing loose mesophyll with mucilage secretory ducts, lumen, and scattered vascular bundles. Cryptic underlying structural attributes provide evidence of a vascularized pseudo-anther conjoint with tepals. The undefined contours of staminodial appendages (pseudo-anther) amalgamated to the tepals' blurred boundaries suggest that staminodes originate from tepals, a developmental pattern supporting the fading border model of floral organ identity for angiosperms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Staminode Origin In Opuntia Polyacanthamentioning

confidence: 91%