Macro and micromechanics analysis of short fiber composites stiffness: The case of old newspaper fibers–polypropylene composites

Serrano, Ana; Espinach, Francesc X.; Tresserras, Josep; Tormos, Romina del Rey; Pellicer, Neus; Mutjé, Pere

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2013.10.011

Cited by 47 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The machine was operated at 20 rev/s rotor speed, a temperature of 50 • C, and 10% consistency. Afterwards, the obtained pulp was filtered and dried in an oven at 80 • C. In order to avoid the creation of hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl groups of the cellulose and help the dispersion of the ONPF [40][41][42][43], the pulp was immersed in a water dyglime (1:3) solution. Figure 1a shows the standard chemical composition of a lignocellulosic fiber.…”

Section: Old Newspaper Disintegration and Fiber Individualizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The water absorption was compared with that of the matrix. Previous studies reported some mechanical properties of old newspaper fiber-reinforced polypropylene composites, assessing their competitiveness in front of other materials like other natural fibers and glass fiber (GF) [39][40][41][42][43], but to the best of the authors' knowledge, the impact strength and the water uptake behavior of such composites has been scarcely treated in the scientific literature. This paper uses fibers from old newspapers and obtain composite materials that are able to compete with commodity materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact Properties and Water Uptake Behavior of Old Newspaper Recycled Fibers-Reinforced Polypropylene Composites

et al. 2020

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Natural fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites can be an alternative to mineral fiber-based composites, especially when economic and environment concerns are included under the material selection criteria. In recent years, the literature has shown how lignocellulosic fiber-reinforced composites can be used for a variety of applications. Nonetheless, the impact strength and the water uptake behavior of such materials have been seen as drawbacks. In this work, the impact strength and the water uptake of composites made of polypropylene reinforced with fibers from recycled newspaper have been researched. The results show how the impact strength decreases with the percentage of reinforcement in a similar manner to that of glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene composites as a result of adding a fragile phase to the material. It was found that the water uptake increased with the increasing percentages of lignocellulosic fibers due to the hydrophilic nature of such reinforcements. The diffusion behavior was found to be Fickian. A maleic anhydride was added as a coupling agent in order to increase the strength of the interface between the matrix and the reinforcements. It was found that the presence of such a coupling agent increased the impact strength of the composites and decreased the water uptake. Impact strengths of 21.3 kJ/m 3 were obtained for a coupled composite with 30 wt % reinforcement contents, which is a value higher than that obtained for glass fiber-based materials. The obtained composites reinforced with recycled fibers showed competitive impact strength and water uptake behaviors in comparison with materials reinforced with raw lignocellulosic fibers. The article increases the knowledge on newspaper fiber-reinforced polyolefin composite properties, showing the competitiveness of waste-based materials.In the case of the ONPF composites, the mixer was operated at 80 rpm and 180 °C . The mixing lasted 178 10 min. The coupled GF-reinforced composites were mixed at 20 rpm due to the fragility of such 179 reinforcements. All the resulting melts were pelletized in a knife mill. Prior to its mold injection, the 180 pellets were dried during 1 h in a stove at 80 °C . 181Standard rectangular specimens measuring 62 × 13 mm, with a thickness of 3.2 mm, in 182 agreement with ASTM D638 [44] were mold injected. The injection molding machine was a Meteor 183 40 by Mateu&Solé (Barcelona, Spain). The machine has three heating areas, which were operated at 184 175, 175, and 190 °C , of which the last was the injection nozzle. The first and second pressures were 185 120 and 37.5 kgf/cm 2 , respectively. At least seven valid specimens for any of the composite 186 formulations were mold injected. Five were devoted to the impact test and two were devoted to water 187 uptake analysis. 188 2.4. Specimens Testing 189 Impact strength was carried out in agreement with the ISO 179-1:2010 standard [45]. Un-notched 190 specimens were placed in a Charpy test equipment Instron Ceast 5.5 Resil by Ceast S.p.a. (Pianezza,

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Section: Old Newspaper Disintegration and Fiber Individualizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact Properties and Water Uptake Behavior of Old Newspaper Recycled Fibers-Reinforced Polypropylene Composites

et al. 2020

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“…Nevertheless, chopped strand mat sold in the market today have both fibre length distribution and random orientation distribution. Serrano et al [13] evaluated the stiffening abilities of old newspaper fibers compounded with polypropylene and back calculated the value of the intrinsic Young's modulus by means of micromechanics models. They established the Hirsch model as a valid tool to estimate the intrinsic modulus of the reinforcement while the Cox and Krenchel modified rule of mixtures was used as the basis for defining a fiber tensile modulus factor which gives the contribution of the reinforcement to the Young's modulus of the composite, as a function of the fiber volume fraction.…”

Section: Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid-modelling of Mechanical Properties and Thermo-mechanical Behaviour of Chopped Strand Mat Reinforced Thermoset Composites

Agbo

2020

JERR

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The concern of this paper is to develop simple workshop application models for predicting the mechanical properties and the evaluation of the thermo-mechanical behaviour of chopped strand fibre-mat reinforced thermoset composites. A hybrid of empirical and strength of materials approach was used at macro- and micro-mechanics levels to model the random fibres which were treated as simple bars within the mat preform and the resulting composite material. The model was validated experimentally by testing wet lay-up produced samples with varying fibre volume fractions and they were found to agree well. The toughness modulus of the composite was also modeled using the secant modulus obtained from the sample’s stress – strain curves of uniform material composites produced at different temperature histories. The toughness modulus determined using the new model was compared with that obtained using the area under the same stress – strain curve computed by Simpson’s rule and the results agreed very well.

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“…Finally, following the work of Lavengood and Goettler (1971); López et al (2012); Serrano et al (2014); Mortazavian and Fatemi (2015), the isotropic behavior, resulting from the random distribution of the orthotropic layered material, can be approximated by Eq. (3).…”

Section: The Aggregate Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and computational micro-mechanical investigations of compressive properties of polypropylene/multi-walled carbon nanotubes nanocomposite foams

Wan¹,

Tran

Leblanc

et al. 2015

Mechanics of Materials

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The compressive behavior of nanocomposite foams is studied by both experimental and computational micro-mechanics approaches with the aim of providing an efficient computational model for this kind of material.The nanocomposites based on polypropylene (PP) and different contents of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) method. The nanocomposite samples are foamed using super-critical carbon dioxide (ScCO 2 ) as blowing agent at different soaking temperatures. The influence of this foaming parameter on the morphological characteristics of the foam micro-structure is discussed. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) measurements are used to quantify the crystallinity degree of both nanocomposites and foams showing that the crystallinity degree is reduced after the foaming process. This modification leads to mechanical properties of the foam cell walls that are different from the raw nanocomposite PP/CNTs material. Three-point bending tests are performed on the latter to measure the flexural modulus in terms of the crystallinity degree. Uniaxial compression tests are then performed on the foamed samples under quasi-static conditions in order to extract the macro-scale compressive response. Next, a two-level multi-scale approach is developed to model the behavior of the foamed nanocomposite material. On the one hand, the micromechanical properties of nanocomposite PP/CNTs cell walls are evaluated from a theoretical homogenization model accounting for the micro-structure of the semi-crystalline PP, for the degree of crystallinity, and for the CNT volume fraction. The applicability of this theoretical model is demonstrated via the comparison with experimental data from the described experimental measurements and from literature. On the other hand, the macroscopic behavior of the foamed material is evaluated using a computational micromechanics model using tetrakaidecahedron unit cells and periodic boundary conditions to estimate the homogenized properties. The unit cell is combined with several geometrical imperfections in order to capture the elastic collapse of the foamed material. The numerical results are compared to the experimental measurements and it is shown that the proposed unit cell computational micro-mechanics model can be used to estimate the homogenized behavior, including the linear and plateau regimes, of nanocomposite foams.

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Macro and micromechanics analysis of short fiber composites stiffness: The case of old newspaper fibers–polypropylene composites

Cited by 47 publications

References 49 publications

Impact Properties and Water Uptake Behavior of Old Newspaper Recycled Fibers-Reinforced Polypropylene Composites

Impact Properties and Water Uptake Behavior of Old Newspaper Recycled Fibers-Reinforced Polypropylene Composites

Hybrid-modelling of Mechanical Properties and Thermo-mechanical Behaviour of Chopped Strand Mat Reinforced Thermoset Composites

Experimental and computational micro-mechanical investigations of compressive properties of polypropylene/multi-walled carbon nanotubes nanocomposite foams

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