Gromov initiated what he calls "symbolic algebraic geometry", in which he studied proalgebraic varieties. In this paper we formulate a general theory of characteristic classes of proalgebraic varieties as a natural transformation, which is a natural extension of the well-studied theories of characteristic classes of singular varieties. FultonMacPherson bivariant theory is a key tool for our formulation and our approach naturally leads us to the notion of motivic measure and also its generalization.