“…Catalytical debinding process as commonly used for binders. Recent investigations on CIM of alumina and zirconia are numerous: effect of powder treatment on injection moulded zirconia [4], binder removal from injection moulded zirconia ceramics [5], viscosity of powder injection moulding feedstock and optimization of binder volume concentration [6], differential sintering in ceramic injection moulding: particle orientation effect [7], influence of surfactant on rheological behaviours of injection-moulded alumina suspension [8], sintering of nano-sized yttria stabilized zirconia process by powder injection moulding [9], feedstock aids micro PIM parts production [10], and novel alumina/cyanoacrylate green ceramic [11].…”
In this article the PIM (Powder Injection Moulding) technology is described in brief. After that the benefits and advantages were analyzed and summarized. Ceramic injection moulding (CIM) process was analyzed in more detail: CIM- alumina, CIM-zirconia and CIM ferrites as the most common technical ceramics in CIM ceramic parts production, medical applications and accessories in chemical laboratories, and cores in electronic inductive components. After that our results for CIM barium hexaferrite and piezo ceramics (barium titanate) are given. The main powder characteristics, the shrinkage and density and the main electrical characteristics of the sintered samples were compared for the isostatically pressed PM (powder metallurgy) and CIM formed samples. SEM fractographs of CIM and PM samples are given for CIM green parts, debinded (white) parts and sintered parts, and PM green parts and sintered parts. The results obtained were compared to literature data before they were applied in ceramic components production
“…Catalytical debinding process as commonly used for binders. Recent investigations on CIM of alumina and zirconia are numerous: effect of powder treatment on injection moulded zirconia [4], binder removal from injection moulded zirconia ceramics [5], viscosity of powder injection moulding feedstock and optimization of binder volume concentration [6], differential sintering in ceramic injection moulding: particle orientation effect [7], influence of surfactant on rheological behaviours of injection-moulded alumina suspension [8], sintering of nano-sized yttria stabilized zirconia process by powder injection moulding [9], feedstock aids micro PIM parts production [10], and novel alumina/cyanoacrylate green ceramic [11].…”
In this article the PIM (Powder Injection Moulding) technology is described in brief. After that the benefits and advantages were analyzed and summarized. Ceramic injection moulding (CIM) process was analyzed in more detail: CIM- alumina, CIM-zirconia and CIM ferrites as the most common technical ceramics in CIM ceramic parts production, medical applications and accessories in chemical laboratories, and cores in electronic inductive components. After that our results for CIM barium hexaferrite and piezo ceramics (barium titanate) are given. The main powder characteristics, the shrinkage and density and the main electrical characteristics of the sintered samples were compared for the isostatically pressed PM (powder metallurgy) and CIM formed samples. SEM fractographs of CIM and PM samples are given for CIM green parts, debinded (white) parts and sintered parts, and PM green parts and sintered parts. The results obtained were compared to literature data before they were applied in ceramic components production
“…Although diamond tools are preferable for GCM, many operations can be routinely accomplished with tools made from high-speed steel (HSS) [210]. HSS tools, however, suffer from rapid wear due to abrasive properties of ceramic powders.…”
Ceramic matrix composites reinforced with carbon nanotubes are becoming increasingly popular in industry due to their astonishing mechanical properties and taking into account the fact that advanced production technologies make carbon nanotubes increasingly affordable. In the present paper, the most convenient contemporary methods used for the compaction of molding masses composed of either technical ceramics or ceramic matrix composites reinforced with carbon nanotubes are surveyed. This stage that precedes debinding and sintering plays the key role in getting pore-free equal-density ceramics at the scale of mass production. The methods include: compaction in sealed and collector molds, cold isostatic and quasi-isostatic compaction; dynamic compaction methods, such as magnetic pulse, vibration, and ultrasonic compaction; extrusion, stamping, and injection; casting from aqueous and non-aqueous slips; tape and gel casting. Capabilities of mold-free approaches to produce precisely shaped ceramic bodies are also critically analyzed, including green ceramic machining and additive manufacturing technologies.
“…This statement can be corroborated by the analysis of chemical composition using the Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) by comparing fresh and used tools which presented the chemical composition, confirming the absence of adhered workpiece material on the cutting tool, as observed in Fig. 14. According to Ng et al (2006), abrasive particles (chips) produced in green machining can stick on the workpiece surface resulting in incremental cutting tool wear. However, this situation was not observed in this study.…”
Section: Bottom Of the Piecementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Regarding to machining force, the values tend to increase as the cutting tool wear, especially if it is made of high speed steel (HSS), or even made of cemented carbide when used in some types of more abrasives ceramics. Ng et al (2006) state that flank wear greater than 0.1 mm can already cause damages to the workpiece surface due to excessive specific cutting pressure, but in literature on green machining there are no studies that relate the cutting tool wear with surface roughness or even force with surface roughness.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In similar study, Bukvic et al (2012) reached a reduction of 57% in distortion of Al 2 O 3 compact but the removed allowances amounts were limited only up to 1 mm. Ng et al (2006) in their work on green machining discussed the binder type influence on the machinability but not the distortion in sintered pieces.…”
Advanced ceramics are usually machined after sintering in order to produce details and/or achieve the dimensional and geometric tolerances specified by project. However, this operation is neither cheap nor easy since it requires diamond tools, machine tools of high stiffness, and very low removal rates, even so, the finished parts might invariably contain critical defects. Machining of compacted ceramic powder before sintering, named green machining, is an alternative. This method does not require cutting fluid, presents great machinability, low energy consumption and few or no introduction of damages in the sintered workpiece. The single-action uniaxial pressing is the most used method for obtaining green ceramic pieces. Nevertheless it produces significant density variations in the outer regions of the piece, mainly located around the top and bottom edges, while the variation inside is smaller. The nonuniformity of density is considered responsible for distortion of the ceramic part during sintering. In this study, the distortion of the sintered workpieces was evaluated after green ceramic workpieces were machined using five different allowance values (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 mm) in order to progressively remove the greatest density gradients. The distortion analysis was made on the top and bottom regions of the workpiece, where each upper and lower punch. operates, respectively. It was found that the distortion of the top region of the sintered workpieces was reduced about 97% when there was 5 mm of allowance removal and 82% for 1 mm of allowance. In the bottom region, the reduction was about 91% for removal of 5 mm of allowance and 48% for 1 mm. Cutting tool wear, cutting force, and surface roughness of green and sintered workpieces were also analyzed. In general, the influence of tool wear on surface roughness of sintered pieces and the correlation between surface roughness of the sintered pieces and the corresponding green ones were observed.
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