Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Lymph Node Metastasis Among Osteosarcoma Patients

Yang

Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine

et al. 2022

Objective. A case-control study was conducted to explore the efficacy of cohort study and value of CT perfusion imaging in patients with metastatic osteosarcoma after chemotherapy. Methods. Eighty patients with metastatic osteosarcoma treated in our hospital from March 2020 to December 2021 were divided into two groups. According to their different treatment methods, the chemotherapy+antiangiogenesis group had 36 cases and the chemotherapy group had 44 cases. All patients were scanned by 64-slice spiral CT before and after treatment. The differences of tumor volume and perfusion parameters before and after treatment were compared, and the correlation between perfusion parameters and tumor microvessel density (MVD) was analyzed. The receiver working curve (ROC curve) was used to evaluate the efficacy of the two groups after chemotherapy. Results. Blood flow (BF), blood volume (BV), Pallak blood volume (PBV), and time to start (TTS) in the antitumor angiogenesis+chemotherapy group were significantly lower than those before treatment ( P < 0.05 ). Microvessel density was positively correlated with PS, BF, BV, and PBV ( P < 0.05 ). The reduction rate of BV and BF in the remission group after treatment was significantly higher than that in the nonremission group. When the BV and BF decline rates were 47.37% and 21.53% and the areas under the curve were 0.968 and 0.916, respectively, the diagnostic effect was the best. When the decrease rate of BV was 47.48% and the decrease rate of BF was 21.55%, the sensitivity was 94.72% and 89.56% and the specificity was 91.31% and 91.31%. Conclusion. The reduction rate of BV and BF in CT perfusion imaging is of high value in evaluating the efficacy of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in patients with NSCLC and can provide more objective basis for observing the changes and judging the prognosis of osteosarcoma after treatment.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cohort Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Value of CT Perfusion Imaging in Patients with Metastatic Osteosarcoma after Chemotherapy

Yang

Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine

et al. 2022

“…Ultrasound and FNA are currently useful in the detection of thyroid nodules, but both have inherent limitations in their diagnostic capabilities. ( Durante et al, 2018 ; Li et al, 2022c ). The detection of mutations in the BRAF gene can assist in differentiating among thyroid nodules, but there are cost and time limitations associated with BRAF testing ( Jinih et al, 2017 ; de Koster et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction and validation of BRAF mutation diagnostic model based on ultrasound examination and clinical features of patients with thyroid nodules

Fang

et al. 2022

Front. Genet.

Self Cite

Introduction: Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) is currently the most popular method for identifying benign and malignant thyroid nodules. However, its diagnostic sensitivity is sometimes limited, which makes it necessary to apply genetic testing and other modalities as a secondary diagnostic method. The diagnostic accuracy of thyroid nodule can be improved by combining mutations in the B-Raf proto-oncogene serine/threonine kinase (BRAF) with FNA. Thus, this study was conducted to create a nomogram diagnostic model based on the clinical and ultrasonic characteristics of patients with BRAF mutations to aid in the identification of benign and malignant thyroid nodules using FNA.Methods: From April 2018 to December 2021, 275 patients with thyroid nodules who underwent ultrasonography and BRAF gene testing (137 positive and 138 negative) were included from Xianyang Central Hospital. The clinical and ultrasonic characteristics of the patients were used to develop a nomographic, diagnostic model of BRAF gene mutation, and to validate and evaluate the usefulness of the model.Results: Independent risk factors for BRAF mutations included: focal strong echogenicity (microcalcifications, OR = 3.04, 95%CI = 1.41–6.58, p = 0.005), hypoechogenicity (OR = 3.8, 95%CI = 1.14–12.61, p = 0.029), lymph node metastases (OR = 3.54, 95%CI = 1.43–8.75, p = 0.006), margin (lobulated, OR = 3.7, 95%CI = 1.66–8.23, p = 0.001; extrathyroidal invasion, OR = 2.81, 95%CI = 1.11–7.06, p = 0.029), and shape (vertical position, OR = 2.7, 95%CI = 1.11–6.59, p = 0.029). The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the BRAF mutation diagnostic model constructed on these factors was 0.806 (95% CI = 0.754–0.851), and 39.5% was set as the threshold probability of making a clinical decision. The results of the validation and clinical utility evaluation showed that our model had good predictive performance and clinical application value.Conclusion: Our nomogram diagnostic model based on clinical and ultrasound features of patients accurately predicted the possibility of BRAF gene mutations in patients with thyroid nodules.

“…The differences in OS results between patients with high and low expression of IL-17A–F were analyzed; Kaplan–Meier plots of IL-17 genes in pan-cancer were generated using the R package ( 24 , 25 ). The phenotype information and survival outcome data of 33 TCGA cancer types were downloaded from the GDC TCGA dataset in the UCSC Xena database.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pan-cancer analysis reveals interleukin-17 family members as biomarkers in the prediction for immune checkpoint inhibitor curative effect

Han

Huang

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

BackgroundThe interleukin-17 (IL-17) family contains six homologous genes, IL-17A to IL-17F. Growing evidence indicates that dysregulated IL-17 family members act as major pathogenic factors in the early and late stages of cancer development and progression. However, the prevalence and predictive value of IL-17 for immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapeutic effectiveness in multiple tumor types remain largely unknown, and the associations between its expression levels and immunotherapy-associated signatures also need to be explored.MethodsThe pan-cancer dataset in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was downloaded from UCSC Xena (http://xena.ucsc.edu/). The immunotherapeutic cohorts included IMvigor210, which were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and included in a previously published study. Other datasets, namely, the GEO dataset and PRECOG, GEO, and METABRIC databases, were also included. In 33 TCGA tumor types, a pan-cancer analysis was carried out including their expression map, clinical risk assessment, and immune subtype analysis, along with their association with the stemness indices, tumor microenvironment (TME) in pan-cancer, immune infiltration analysis, ICI-related immune indicators, and drug sensitivity. RT-PCR was also carried out to verify the gene expression levels among MCF-10A and MCF-7 cell lines.ResultsThe expression of the IL-17 family is different between tumor and normal tissue in most cancers, and consistency has been observed between gene activity and gene expression. RT-PCR results show that the expression differences in the IL-17 family of human cell (MCF-10A and MCF-7) are consistent with the bioinformatics differential expression analysis. Moreover, the expression of the IL-17 family can be a sign of patients’ survival prognosis in some tumors and varies in different immune subtypes. Moreover, the expression of the IL-17 family presents a robust correlation with immune cell infiltration, ICI-related immune indicators, and drug sensitivity. High expression of the IL-17 family is significantly related to immune-relevant pathways, and the low expression of IL-17B means a better immunotherapeutic response in BLCA.ConclusionCollectively, IL-17 family members may act as biomarkers in predicting the prognosis of the tumor and the therapeutic effects of ICIs, which provides new guidance for cancer treatment.