Machine-learning based prediction of injection rate and solenoid voltage characteristics in GDI injectors

Oh, Hyondong; Hwang, Joonsik; Pickett, Lyle M.; Han, Dong

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2021.122569

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The injection process plays a significant role in GDI engines and significantly impacts the chain of events that leads to mixture formation, combustion and pollution creation. Direct injection techniques into the cylinder require that the liquid fuel is broken up into tiny droplets and quickly evaporated in order to ensure an effective mixture formation [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation and Numerical CFD Assessment of a Thermodynamic Breakup Model for Superheated Sprays with Injection Pressure up to 700 Bar

Duronio

Vita

Montanaro³

et al. 2023

Fluids

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Among the most relevant fields of research recently investigated for improving the performance of gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines, there are ultrahigh injection pressures and the flash-boiling phenomenon. Both perform relevant roles in improving the air/fuel mixing process, reducing tailpipe emissions and implementing new combustion methods. When a high-temperature fuel is released into an environment with a pressure lower than the fuel’s saturation pressure, flash boiling occurs. Due to complex two-phase flow dynamics and quick droplet vaporization, flash boiling can significantly modify spray formation. Specifically, if properly controlled, flash boiling produces important benefits for the fuel–air mixture formation, the combustion quality and, in general, for overall engine operation. Flash boiling was broadly investigated for classical injection pressure, but few works concern ultrahigh injection pressure. Here, the investigation of the spray produced by a multihole injector was performed using both experimental imaging techniques and CFD simulations aiming to highlight the combined impact of the injection pressure and the flash boiling occurrence on the spray morphology. The shadowgraph method was employed to observe the spray experimentally. The information gathered allows for assessing the performances of an Eulerian–Lagrangian algorithm purposely developed. Breakup and evaporation models, appropriate for flashing sprays, were implemented in a CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) code. The experimental results and the CFD simulations demonstrate a good agreement, demonstrating that through adoption of a flash-boiling breakup model, it is possible to reproduce non-evaporating and superheated sprays while changing few simulation parameters. Finally, the results also show the significance of injection pressure in preventing spray collapse.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation and Numerical CFD Assessment of a Thermodynamic Breakup Model for Superheated Sprays with Injection Pressure up to 700 Bar

Duronio

Vita

Montanaro³

et al. 2023

Fluids

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…When using gaseous fuels, the injection process plays the most crucial role in defining ICE environmental performance, affecting mixture formation, its combustion, and, therefore, production of pollution. Moreover, in advanced ICEs, the fuel is Directly Injected (DI) inside the cylinder, calling for more rapid, controlled and efficient mixture formation processes [8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Under-Expanded Jets in Advanced Propulsion Systems—A Review of Latest Theoretical and Experimental Research Activities

Duronio,

Villante,

De Vita

2023

Energies

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The current ongoing rise in environmental pollution is leading research efforts toward the adoption of propulsion systems powered by gaseous fuels like hydrogen, methane, e-fuels, etc. Although gaseous fuels have been used in several types of propulsion systems, there are still many aspects that can be improved and require further study. For this reason, we considered it important to provide a review of the latest research topics, with a particular focus on the injection process. In advanced engine systems, fuel supply is achieved via enhanced direct injection into the combustion chamber. The latter involves the presence of under-expanded jets. Under-expanded jets are a particular kind of compressible flow. For this reason, the review initially provides a brief physical explanation of them. Next, experimental and numerical CFD investigation techniques are discussed. The last section of this manuscript presents an analysis of the jet’s structure. The injection parameters commonly used are examined; next, the characteristics of the near-nozzle field are reviewed and finally, the far-field turbulent mixing, which strongly affects the air–fuel mixture formation process, is discussed.

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“…When the liquid fuel is directly injected into the cylinder, it should be rapidly shattered into tiny droplets and vaporized to ensure a proper mixing with the surrounding air. 3–5…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the liquid fuel is directly injected into the cylinder, it should be rapidly shattered into tiny droplets and vaporized to ensure a proper mixing with the surrounding air. [3][4][5] One of the most promising methods, which is expected to generate high-quality spray characterized by small and narrow drop-size distribution, is liquid atomization by means of a flash boiling mechanism. [6][7][8][9][10][11] Flash boiling sprays are obtained by expanding a compressed liquid below its saturation pressure; practically, the liquid at high pressure is discharged through an orifice to a low ambient pressure (which is below its saturation pressure).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ECN Spray G: Coupled Eulerian internal nozzle flow and Lagrangian spray simulation in flash boiling conditions

Duronio

Mascio

Villante

et al. 2022

International Journal of Engine Research

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Flash-boiling of fuel sprays occurs when a super-heated fuel is discharged into an environment whose pressure is lower than the saturation pressure of the fuel and can dramatically alter spray formation due to complex two-phase flow effects and rapid droplet vaporization. In gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines, typically, it occurs during the injection process when high fuel temperatures make its saturation pressures higher than the in-cylinder one. Flash boiling significantly affects the spray structure and fuel-air mixture formation, with, potentially, if spray collapse is avoided, positive consequences for the engine performance and pollutant emissions. Hence, this paper developed a modelling approach based on the coupling of Eulerian multi-phase and Eulerian-Lagrangian simulations to reproduce flash boiling sprays physics. It allows a comprehensive description of the flash-boiling phenomena that begins within the injector’s ducts and continues outside, where a particular mechanism for primary breakup occurs. Experimental data of the Engine Combustion Network (ECN) Spray G injector, covering various operating conditions, were exploited to assess the reliability of the numerical technique adopted. The validation was performed taking into account various parameters such as axial liquid and vapour penetrations, droplet size and images regarding the near-nozzle zone. The numerical model achieves a pretty good level of agreement with the experimental data and, in particular, it is sensitive to the spray behaviour in the different operating conditions.

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Machine-learning based prediction of injection rate and solenoid voltage characteristics in GDI injectors

Cited by 11 publications

References 30 publications

Experimental Investigation and Numerical CFD Assessment of a Thermodynamic Breakup Model for Superheated Sprays with Injection Pressure up to 700 Bar

Experimental Investigation and Numerical CFD Assessment of a Thermodynamic Breakup Model for Superheated Sprays with Injection Pressure up to 700 Bar

Under-Expanded Jets in Advanced Propulsion Systems—A Review of Latest Theoretical and Experimental Research Activities

ECN Spray G: Coupled Eulerian internal nozzle flow and Lagrangian spray simulation in flash boiling conditions

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