“…For data availability, due to the cost of real-world experiments, almost all ML-aided design works reviewed in this paper used simulated data, from larger scales like whole system simulations (a vehicle virtual prototype [12]) and metamaterial application simulations (auxetic lattice tubes [29,48], energy absorption blocks [108]) to the unit cell scales (tetrachiral auxetics [82]). To validate the quality of simulated data, some work [19,81,105,111,112,156,157] did real-world experiments to test the consistency between real-world and simulated data. Only the work of Vyavahare et al [20] applied thirty-two real-world specimens to train their MLP due to the lack of a well-established simulation for the fused deposition modeling (FDM) process.…”