2019
DOI: 10.1109/access.2019.2942944
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Machine Learning-Based Drone Detection and Classification: State-of-the-Art in Research

Abstract: This paper presents a comprehensive review of current literature on drone detection and classification using machine learning with different modalities. This research area has emerged in the last few years due to the rapid development of commercial and recreational drones and the associated risk to airspace safety. Addressed technologies encompass radar, visual, acoustic, and radio-frequency sensing systems. The general finding of this study demonstrates that machine learning-based classification of drones see… Show more

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Cited by 271 publications
(159 citation statements)
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“…Therefore, to solve this problem, the development of anti-drone systems is vigorously developing, and the problem of real-time drone detection is becoming relevant [ 6 ]. Drone detection technologies are usually divided into four categories: acoustic, visual, radio-frequency signal-based, and radar [ 7 ]. A good balance between price and detection range is achieved using visual drone detection technologies that use images of surveillance areas from cameras.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Therefore, to solve this problem, the development of anti-drone systems is vigorously developing, and the problem of real-time drone detection is becoming relevant [ 6 ]. Drone detection technologies are usually divided into four categories: acoustic, visual, radio-frequency signal-based, and radar [ 7 ]. A good balance between price and detection range is achieved using visual drone detection technologies that use images of surveillance areas from cameras.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The classification of drones via radar signatures using micro-Doppler information has been investigated using a variety of techniques [ 5 , 6 ]. Some approaches include using features derived from spectrograms [ 7 ], the application of deep learning techniques to range-Doppler maps [ 8 ], and cadence–velocity diagrams [ 9 ], as well as polarimetry [ 10 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Micro-Doppler radar signatures are studied using time-frequency analysis, and most commonly using the Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT) [ 2 , 3 , 5 , 6 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. Depending on the STFT window length, two different types of spectrograms are obtained.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The state-of-the-art solutions on drone detection are classified in the function of technologies involved: Visual, acoustic, radio-frequency (RF), and multimodal detection [ 8 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%