“…Excitingly, the emerging novel enzyme and nucleic acid-based signal enhancement strategies have significantly improved analytical performance of luminescence immunoassays, such as polymerized catecholamines depositing around HRP for cascade amplification [ 375 , 376 ], nucleic acid chains as labels for amplification [ [377] , [378] , [379] , [380] , [381] ], fluorescent-labeled aptamers based thermophoretic enrichment assays [ 192 , [382] , [383] , [384] , [385] , [386] ] and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) based amplification [ 387 , 388 ]. In addition to methodology, the other perspective is miniaturization of equipment and intellectualization of performance, benefiting from the rapid development of the Internet, such as smartphones and 5G technology [ 313 , 331 , [389] , [390] , [391] , [392] , [393] ]. Finally, other than endpoint testing, real-time detecting systems, such as wearable devices, with continuous monitoring of processes can better meet the needs for POCTs on the progress of the immune response [ [394] , [395] , [396] , [397] , [398] ].…”