Machine Ethics: Creating an Ethical Intelligent Agent

Anderson, Michael; Anderson, Susan

doi:10.4324/9781003074991-22

Cited by 69 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…These forecasts confirm the continuing trend towards increased autonomy in this domain (Anderson & Anderson, 2007). Real-world trials of AVs are also underway in several countries, including the UK (UK Government Centre for Connected and Autonomous Vehicles [CCAV], 2018;UK Autodrive, 2017;Venturer, 2016;Venturer, 2017), the US (Waymo, 2018;Uber, 2018), Singapore, Japan and Europe (CCAV, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 65%

A safety-case approach to the ethics of autonomous vehicles

Menon

Alexander

2019

Safety and Reliability

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A safety-case approach to the ethics of autonomous vehicles Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) have significant ethical and safety implications. Questions of informed consent and risk acceptance are of primary importance, as is an explicit identification of the ethical principles underlying these decisions. In this paper we present a process framework for producing an ethics assurance case, which can be used to translate ethical imperatives into design decisions and safety management practices. The process and resultant assurance case integrate ethical considerations into the wider engineering lifecycle, providing a tool to demonstrate that design and safety management decisions reflect an identified ethical position.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 65%

A safety-case approach to the ethics of autonomous vehicles

Menon

Alexander

2019

Safety and Reliability

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“…The user cannot be expected to monitor and closely control the robot’s behavior and learning process; this may in fact be impossible in exactly those scenarios where robotic autonomy is most beneficial and adaptivity most urgently required. There is growing awareness that it may be necessary to endow robots with innately ethical behavior (e.g., Moor ( 2006 ); Anderson and Anderson ( 2007 ); Vanderelst and Winfield ( 2018 )), where the systems select actions based on a “moral arithmetic” (Bentham, 1878 ), often informed by casuistry, i.e., generalizing morality on the basis of example cases in which there is agreement concerning the correct response (Anderson and Anderson, 2007 ). Moral reasoning along these lines could conceivably be enabled in embodied evolution as well, in which case interactive evolution to develop surrogate models of user requirements may offer one possible route to allow user guidance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embodied Evolution in Collective Robotics: A Review

2018

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This article provides an overview of evolutionary robotics techniques applied to online distributed evolution for robot collectives, namely, embodied evolution. It provides a definition of embodied evolution as well as a thorough description of the underlying concepts and mechanisms. This article also presents a comprehensive summary of research published in the field since its inception around the year 2000, providing various perspectives to identify the major trends. In particular, we identify a shift from considering embodied evolution as a parallel search method within small robot collectives (fewer than 10 robots) to embodied evolution as an online distributed learning method for designing collective behaviors in swarm-like collectives. This article concludes with a discussion of applications and open questions, providing a milestone for past and an inspiration for future research.

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“…Competing ethical frameworks. If we seek to build an ethical framework for action in robots, it is not clear which ethical theory to use as our model [e.g., Anderson and Anderson, 2007]. In section 3, we have argued for a hybrid approach related to virtue ethics, as the theory that seems to lead to the fewest unintuitive results, but any sophisticated theory seems to be vulnerable to inconsistencies and competing directives (especially if a three-or four-rule system as simple as Asimov's cannot work perfectly).…”

Section: Technical Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outer Space as a New Frontier for Technology Ethics

Abney

2021

The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Technology

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As technologies help us to push further and further into outer space, new ethical issues emerge, as is typical for new frontiers. This chapter will survey issues ranging from the practical to the theoretical, such as bioethics for astronauts, including issues of sex and reproduction and whether we should initially send humans at all (instead of robots); commercial activities in space, including tourism and property rights; terraforming, colonization, and space settlements, including environmental considerations; planetary protection/quarantine and other safety and risk issues; dual-use technologies that could further militarize space; and more. This chapter will argue that, in addition to novel ethical issues arising from this new technological frontier, old ethical discussions generated by technology (e.g., abortion, genetic enhancement) will need revisiting once we escape terrestrial assumptions and context.

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Machine Ethics: Creating an Ethical Intelligent Agent

Cited by 69 publications

References 9 publications

A safety-case approach to the ethics of autonomous vehicles

A safety-case approach to the ethics of autonomous vehicles

Embodied Evolution in Collective Robotics: A Review

Outer Space as a New Frontier for Technology Ethics

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