Machinability the Aisi 316 Stainless Steel After Processing by Various Methods of 3d Printing

Mašek, Petr; Fornusek, T.; Zeman, Pavel; Bućko, M M; Smolik, J.; Heinrich, P.

doi:10.17973/mmsj.2019_11_2019091

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Several methods exist for examining force data [3,13,19,20]. The forces Fx (axial) and Fy (radial), both of which are considered to be active, are frequently evaluated, whereas Fz, a passive force, is rarely included in evaluations [3]. Fx and Fy cause the deflection of the workpiece and the tool and are thus considered in many studies [13,23,24].…”

Section: Evaluation Of Cutting Forcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the surface irregularity of as-built WAAMed parts is higher than those made using other additive processes and conventional manufacturing methods. Compared to other processes, WAAM shows poor results in terms of waviness, flatness [2,3], and other surface roughness criteria [4]. Therefore, secondary machining operations are required for WAAMed parts [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Machining Strategy Determination for Single- and Multi-Material Wire and Arc Additive Manufactured Thin-Walled Parts

2023

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Wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) technology has recently become attractive due to the fact of its high production capacity and flexible deposition strategy. One of the most prominent drawbacks of WAAM is surface irregularity. Therefore, WAAMed parts cannot be used as built; they require secondary machining operations. However, performing such operations is challenging due to the fact of high waviness. Selecting an appropriate cutting strategy is also challenging, because surface irregularity makes cutting forces unstable. The present research determines the most suitable machining strategy by assessing the specific cutting energy and local machined volume. Up- and down-milling are evaluated by calculating the removed volume and specific cutting energy for creep-resistant steel, stainless steel, and their combination. It is shown that the main factors that affect the machinability of WAAMed parts are the machined volume and specific cutting energy rather than the axial and radial depths of the cut due to the fact of high surface irregularity. Even though the results were unstable, a surface roughness of 0.1 µm was obtained with up-milling. Despite a two-fold difference in the hardness between the two materials in the multi-material deposition, it is found that hardness should not be used as a criterion for as-built surface processing. In addition, the results show no machinability difference between multi- and single-material components for a low machined volume and low surface irregularity.

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Section: Evaluation Of Cutting Forcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Machining Strategy Determination for Single- and Multi-Material Wire and Arc Additive Manufactured Thin-Walled Parts

2023

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“…Inter-operational cleaning also reduces porosity and the probability of internal material defects [37]. The method was also used in a study for welding stainless steel [46] (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Experimental Procedure Strategy and Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation of CMT discontinuous wire arc additive manufacturing of Inconel 625

Votruba

Diviš

Lucie

et al. 2022

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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Additive manufacturing (AM) is a progressive technology which holds promise for manufacturing of heat resistant super alloys. One of the most productive methods is wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). In this article, an alternative WAAM strategy is investigated. Experimental clads and material tests were performed to evaluate the material properties obtained through a cold metal transfer (CMT) discontinuous WAAM of Inconel 625 alloy. Using the modern terminology of Fronius Gmbh this method is called CMT cycle step. The difference is that it is automatically controlled by the welding source. CMT discontinuous WAAM has lower productivity and a higher consumption of shielding gas. However, it excels in low heat input and precise material cladding in comparison with a standard CMT continuous WAAM. It enables fabrication of finer details even on thin-walled components or in sections with problematic heat dissipation. Samples manufactured using this strategy were also compared with samples manufactured through a standard CMT continuous WAAM. Two sets of manufactured samples were thus tested. The following material tests were performed: (i) metallographic analysis, (ii) x-ray tomography, (iii) SEM analysis, (iv) hardness, (v) tensile strength (20 °C, 650 °C) and (vi) pin-on-disc (20 °C, 650 °C). The results show that the CMT discontinuous WAAM led to improved material properties in the Inconel 625 samples. Ultimate tensile strength improved by 15% at 20 °C and by 4% at 650 °C. Wear resistance at 650 °C was about two times higher. This paper concludes that the CMT discontinuous WAAM for Inconel 625 is definitely suitable for manufacturing of complex shapes, fine details and thin-walled components.

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“…Inter-operational cleaning also reduces porosity and the probability of internal material defects [36]. The method was also used in a study for welding stainless steel [45].…”

Section: Experimental Setup Strategy and Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation of Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing of Inconel 625 Using Spot Welding

Votruba

Diviš²,

Lucie³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Additive manufacturing (AM) is a progressive technology which holds promise for manufacturing of heat resistant super alloys. One of the most productive methods is Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM). In this article an alternative WAAM welding strategy is investigated. Experimental welds and material tests were performed to evaluate the material properties obtained through a GMAW CMT spot welding strategy used in WAAM of Inconel 625 alloy. The GMAW CMT spot welding strategy has lower productivity and a higher consumption of shielding gas. However, it excels in low heat input and precise material cladding in comparison with a standard GMAW CMT continuous welding strategy. It enables fabrication of finer details even on thin walled components or in sections with problematic heat dissipation. Samples manufactured using this strategy were also compared with samples manufactured through a standard GMAW CMT continuous welding strategy. Two sets of manufactured samples were thus tested. The following material tests were performed: i) metallographic analysis, ii) x-ray tomography, iii) SEM analysis, iv) hardness, v) tensile strength (20°C, 650°C), and vi) pin-on-disc (20°C, 650°C). The results show that the spot welding strategy led to improved material properties in the Inconel 625 samples. Ultimate tensile strength improved by 15% at 20°C and by 4% at 650°C. Wear resistance at 650°C was about two times higher. This paper concludes that the GMAW CMT spot welding strategy for Inconel 625 is definitely suitable for WAAM manufacturing of complex shapes, fine details and thin walled components.

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Machinability the Aisi 316 Stainless Steel After Processing by Various Methods of 3d Printing

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Machining Strategy Determination for Single- and Multi-Material Wire and Arc Additive Manufactured Thin-Walled Parts

Machining Strategy Determination for Single- and Multi-Material Wire and Arc Additive Manufactured Thin-Walled Parts

Experimental investigation of CMT discontinuous wire arc additive manufacturing of Inconel 625

Experimental Investigation of Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing of Inconel 625 Using Spot Welding

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