Machinability of Titanium Alloys.

Rahman, M.; Wong, Yoke San; Zareena, A. Rahmath

doi:10.1299/jsmec.46.107

Cited by 114 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…4. Observed high tool-tip temperatures of up to about 1100°C [3,6] 5. Strong alloying tendency or chemical reactivity with materials in the cutting tools at tool operating temperatures.…”

Section: Titanium Alloys -Difficult To Machinementioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comprehensive Review on Machining of Ti6al4v

2017

IJAERD

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“…4. Observed high tool-tip temperatures of up to about 1100°C [3,6] 5. Strong alloying tendency or chemical reactivity with materials in the cutting tools at tool operating temperatures.…”

Section: Titanium Alloys -Difficult To Machinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its low thermal conductivity increases the temperature at the tool-work piece interface, which affects the tool life adversely. Additionally, its high strength maintained at elevated temperature and its low modulus of elasticity further impairs its machinability [1,2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review on Machining of Ti6al4v

2017

IJAERD

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“…One important factor is residual stress, which is always present due to the manufacturing processes and which affects fatigue strength significantly. Titanium alloys are challenging because their machining is difficult due to their high chemical reactivity, poor thermal conductivity, high strength that is maintained at elevated temperatures and low modulus of elasticity [1]. The same factors make welding challenging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residual Stress Measurement of Ti-Metal Samples by Means of XRD with Ti and Cu Radiation

Suominen

Rickert

Send³

2016

Residual Stresses 2016

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Abstract:The use of titanium in structural components has been growing for years, especially in highly demanding applications in the aerospace industry where quality control is essential. One of the critical properties is fatigue strength, which is strongly affected by residual stresses. Residual stresses may be an unavoidable by-product of the manufacturing process or intentionally imparted through processes like shot peening. X-ray diffraction (XRD) is commonly used for residual stress measurement. Yet titanium alloys are more difficult to measure than other metals like steels and aluminium alloys. Many titanium alloys have a two-phase microstructure, one of them being hexagonal alpha titanium. Also, the commonly used Cu-radiation generates very strong fluorescence, which results in a low penetration depth. Both reduces measurement quality. Ti-radiation is much less frequently used. It benefits from very low fluorescence and a higher penetration depth. This paper compares XRD residual stress measurements using Cu-and Ti-radiation on two titanium grades: Grade 2 and Grade 5 (Ti6Al4V). The samples from both are in the rolled condition and have been shot peened. The x-ray elastic constants were determined by XRD with Cu-and Ti-radiation and samples and residual stress depth distributions were measured up to 0.5 mm depth. IntroductionTitanium alloys are widely used in aerospace structures due to their excellent strength to weight ratio. For aerospace applications reliability is critical from which follows that all factors affecting the performance of the components have to be studied and controlled extremely well. One important factor is residual stress, which is always present due to the manufacturing processes and which affects fatigue strength significantly. Titanium alloys are challenging because their machining is difficult due to their high chemical reactivity, poor thermal conductivity, high strength that is maintained at elevated temperatures and low modulus of elasticity [1]. The same factors make welding challenging. Since productivity is always an important issue it is always attempted to minimize the need for machining and welding [2,3].For the evaluation of titanium components, reliable, fast and easy residual stress measurement is a key issue. There are several methods for measuring residual stresses nondestructively and destructively. This paper deals with X-ray diffraction, using X-ray instruments specifically designed for residual stress measurement. The measurement accuracy depends on a number of factors, such as grain size, preferred orientation, accessibility of measurement location etc. The X-ray wavelength is given by the X-ray tube chosen. It is preferable to select it so that the 2θ -angle of the diffraction peak analyzed is the highest possible that has sufficient intensity. However, some combinations of material and radiation cause significant fluorescence, which affects the net intensity level and also the effective measurement depth [3]. X-ray diffraction does not measure stress directl...

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“…PM is involved in many processes such as studies on properties and microstructure of samples, as well as grain growth control in sintering process [3]. Many researchers have used conventional sintering [3][4][5][6]. Newer processes exist such as plastic sintering, liquid phase sintering, spark plasma sintering and pressureless sintering [7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Striking examples of such innovations are recent developments in the area of microwave processing of ceramics. Although many potential advantages of utilizing microwaves to process ceramics have long been recognized, it is only now that this field has finally been shown to take-off stage [5]. Microwave heating was conceived over 50 years ago, but its use in ceramic processing is relatively new.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The viability of microwave sintering process to produce a ceramic tool insert

Thauri¹,

Baharudin²,

Leman³

et al. 2016

Int. J. Automot. Mech. Eng.

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Microwave processing of ceramics is fast emerging as a new field of ceramic processing and material synthesis. The past year has witnessed significant progress in the aspects of commercialization and application of the technology in new areas. Due to that reason, several experiments were conducted on microwave heating of ceramics. The aim of the study is to investigate i) whether microwave is a viable alternative to produce sintering parts, ii) the effect of soaking time on the properties of the sample, and iii) the influence of several binders including nickel, ferum, chromium and cobalt to tungsten carbide cermets. The study involved studying the density, hardness and microstructure of the sintered samples. The samples were compacted using an Instron machine at 200 MPa in a cylindrical shape using pallet press with a height of 10 mm and a diameter of 20 mm and sintered in microwave hybrid sintering at 1450°C for two different soaking time (10 min and 20 min). The soaking time of 10 min showed better density, hardness and microstructural results compared to those of 20 min. In comparing between the binders, Ni and Fe (Ni-Fe) showed better results compared to Ni and Cr. While cobalt, nickel and ferum (Co-Ni-Fe) had enhanced results compared to Co and Cr (Co-Cr). Although there are a lot of research studies on several other binders, there is still no finding on the use of microwave hybrid sintering to sinter different mixing binders of tungsten carbide cermets. Therefore, in this research, it is believed that the use of microwave hybrid sintering is viable to sinter tungsten carbide cermets with different binders. The density result showed that each composition of the sintered density was higher compared to green density, which increased by 30% than the green density on average. On the other hand, the hardness results from the commercial cutting tool for tungsten carbide cermet was in the range of 80 to 92 HRA and the highest result for hardness in this research was 84.3 HRA, which means that the insert can be used for commercial use depending on the application.

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Machinability of Titanium Alloys.

Cited by 114 publications

References 21 publications

A Comprehensive Review on Machining of Ti6al4v

A Comprehensive Review on Machining of Ti6al4v

Residual Stress Measurement of Ti-Metal Samples by Means of XRD with Ti and Cu Radiation

The viability of microwave sintering process to produce a ceramic tool insert

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