Machiavellian Intelligence in Fishes

Bshary, Redouan

doi:10.1002/9780470996058.ch12

Cited by 26 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…Cleaner wrasses are known to adjust their foraging strategic options in accordance with how clients react to their cheating behaviour (Bshary, 2011). For…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A conflict of interest exists between cleaners and clients because the cleaners prefer mucus over ectoparasites, where eating mucus constitutes cheating (Grutter and Bshary, 2003). Clients use various partner control mechanisms to keep cleaner service quality high, including the threat of reciprocity by predatory clients, partner switching, punishment, and even image scoring when acting as bystanders in an interaction (Bshary, 2011;Pinto et al, 2011). As a consequence of clients exerting partner control, cleaners have to decide in each interaction how frequently they dare to eat their client fish"s mucus, despite the risk of negative client responses.…”

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cortisol mediates cleaner wrasse switch from cooperation to cheating and tactical deception

Soares

Cardoso

Grutter

et al. 2014

Hormones and Behavior

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Recent empirical research, mostly done on humans, recognizes that individuals" physiological state affects levels of cooperation. An individual"s internal state may affect the payoffs of behavioural alternatives, which in turn could influence the decision to either cooperate or to defect. However, little is known about the physiology underlying condition dependent cooperation. Here, we demonstrate that shifts in cortisol levels affect levels of cooperation in wild cleaner wrasse Labroides dimidiatus. These cleaners cooperate by removing ectoparasites from visiting "client" reef fishes but prefer to eat client mucus, which constitutes cheating. We exogenously administrated one of three different compounds to adults: a) cortisol, b) glucocorticoid receptor antagonist mifepristone RU486 or c) sham (saline); and observed their cleaning behaviour during the following 45 min. The effects of cortisol match an earlier observational study that first described the existence of "cheating" cleaners: such cleaners provide small clients with more tactile stimulation with their pectoral and pelvic fins, a behaviour that attracts larger clients that are then bitten to obtain mucus. Blocking glucocorticoid receptors led to more tactile stimulation to large clients. As energy demands and associated cortisol concentration level shifts affect cleaner wrasse behavioural patterns, cortisol potentially offers a general mechanism for condition dependent cooperation in vertebrates.

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“…Cleaner wrasses are known to adjust their foraging strategic options in accordance with how clients react to their cheating behaviour (Bshary, 2011). For…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortisol mediates cleaner wrasse switch from cooperation to cheating and tactical deception

Soares

Cardoso

Grutter

et al. 2014

Hormones and Behavior

Self Cite

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“…While studies of fish cognitive abilities are rarely compared with those on birds and mammals, recent work suggests that social fish have considerable cognitive ability (e.g., Bshary et al, 2002;Peake and McGregor, 2004;Bshary and Grutter, 2006;Hsu et al, 2006Hsu et al, , 2011Bshary, 2011). For example, individual recognition has been documented in many social fishes (e.g., Hert, 1985;Griffiths and Magurran, 1997a,b;Balshine-Earn and Lotem, 1998;Bshary, 2011;Ochi et al, 2012).…”

Section: Transitive Inferencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, individual recognition has been documented in many social fishes (e.g., Hert, 1985;Griffiths and Magurran, 1997a,b;Balshine-Earn and Lotem, 1998;Bshary, 2011;Ochi et al, 2012). To predict the social status of strangers using transitive inference, it is necessary to recognize the individuals and recall their social status (Hsu et al, 2006(Hsu et al, , 2011Grosenick et al, 2007).…”

Section: Transitive Inferencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The social intelligence hypothesis predicts that highly increased cognitive ability, e.g., recognizing group members and transitive inference will be favored in highly organized, large societies (Byrne and Whiten, 1988;Bshary et al, 2002;Bond et al, 2003;Bshary, 2011). Cooperatively breeding cichlids in Lake Tanganyika often have large groups associated with frequent social interactions with known and unknown individuals (e.g., Awata et al, 2005;Heg and Bachar, 2006;Wong and Balshine, 2010), which may favor the development of high cognitive abilities (e.g., Byrne and Whiten, 1988;Bond et al, 2003;Alfieri and Dugatkin, 2011).…”

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confidence: 99%

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The use of multiple sources of social information in contest behavior: testing the social cognitive abilities of a cichlid fish

et al. 2015

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Theory suggests that living in large social groups with dynamic social interactions often favors the evolution of enhanced cognitive abilities. Studies of how animals assess their own contest ability commonly focus on a single cognitive task, and little is known about the diversity or co-occurrence of cognitive abilities in social species. We examined how a highly social cichlid fish Julidochromis transcriptus uses four major cognitive abilities in contest situations; direct experience, winner/loser effects, social eavesdropping and transitive inference (TI). We conducted experiments in which fish assessed the social status of rivals after either direct physical contests or observed contests. Individuals used direct information from a previous physical encounter to re-establish dominance without additional contact, but winner/loser effects were not observed. Social eavesdropping alone was ruled out, but we found that transitive reasoning was used to infer social dominance of other individuals of unknown status. Our results suggest that in stable hierarchical social groups, estimations of contest ability, based on individual recognition pathways such as TI and direct experience, are more prevalent than social eavesdropping or winner/loser effects. We suggest that advanced cognitive abilities might be widespread among highly social fishes, but have previously gone undetected.

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Introduction: Aquaculture and Behaviour

Huntingford

Kadri

Jobling

2012

Aquaculture and Behavior

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This chapter starts by providing a review of what aquaculture is, which finfish are farmed, for what purposes and in what kinds of culture systems. It then considers what behaviour is, why biologists are interested in behaviour and how they study and explain it. The question of the complexity of fish behaviour is addressed, leading into a discussion of fish welfare and how it can be defined, identified and measured. The issues of domestication, selective breeding and the extent to which fish are domesticated animals are then covered, as are the effects of captive rearing; in both cases, effects on behaviour are given special consideration. The criteria for effective, sustainable fish culture are then spelled out; these include efficient production, environmental protection (with respect to land, water and feed resources and to impacts on wild fish populations) and fish welfare. Possible strategies for improving the welfare of farmed fish are discussed and consideration given to what is required of the behaviour of fish cultured for food, for science and the ornamental trade and for release. Finally, an outline is given of the structure and content of the remaining 10 chapters of this book.

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Machiavellian Intelligence in Fishes

Cited by 26 publications

References 102 publications

Cortisol mediates cleaner wrasse switch from cooperation to cheating and tactical deception

Cortisol mediates cleaner wrasse switch from cooperation to cheating and tactical deception

The use of multiple sources of social information in contest behavior: testing the social cognitive abilities of a cichlid fish

Introduction: Aquaculture and Behaviour

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