Mach Reflection in Condensed Explosives

The flow fields associated with regular and irregular reflections of detonation waves in double-layer cylindrical (DLC) high explosives (HE) are analyzed, and an analytical model for predicting the detonation wave configurations is proposed. Regular reflection and three-shock Mach reflection during detonation wave propagation are discussed. Calculated results of pressure, flow velocity, and specific volume are presented and the Mach stem height is also determined based on mass conservation. The corresponding numerical simulation based on the Lee-Tarver model is developed to generate data comparable with an ordinary cylindrical charge. It is shown that steady convergent detonation wave propagation occurs in the DLC charge. The maximum pressure up to 4.0 times of Chapman-Jouguet (CJ) pressure is reached at the collision point related to the Mach reflection, and the predictions based on the proposed model correlate well with corresponding numerical results.

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“…(11)(12)(13)(14) and Eqs. (18)(19)(20), values of P 2 , u 2 , 1 2 (v 2 ), q 2 , y II , u 3t , and 1 3t can be determined.…”

Section: Mathematical Description Of Detonation Waves In Dlc Chargesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are many experimental results and numerical prediction of reflection of detonation wave in the related literature [12,13,18,19]. To date there is no accurate method of predicting the height of Mach stem in irregular reflection of detonation wave.…”

Section: Mach Stem Height Predictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detonation Wave Propagation in Double‐layer Cylindrical High Explosive Charges

Zhang

Huang

Qiao

2011

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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“…Müller [14] developed a plane detonation wave device to investigate the Mach reflection disturbed by rarefaction waves from the boundaries. Krishnan et al [15] presented a Mach disc configuration to measure the dimension and velocity of Mach reflection, and the device provided accurate and continuous data generation for effectively understanding the Mach stem. Attetkov et al [16] studied the Mach reflection of cylindrical detonation waves and found that the propagation of a three-wave configuration in low-density explosives was related to several specific parameters of the initial state of the explosive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Krishnan et al. [15] presented a Mach disc configuration to measure the dimension and velocity of Mach reflection, and the device provided accurate and continuous data generation for effectively understanding the Mach stem. Attetkov et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic fracture of metal rods under overdriven effect of cylindrical detonation collision

Li,

Liang,

Tian

2023

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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The collision of detonation waves is widely used in weapon design due to its ability to efficiently achieve an ultra‐high pressure region. This work discusses the dynamic fracture of metal rods under the collision of cylindrical detonations. In the experiments, the detonation wave collision is generated by detonating an explosive charge at its end position along two parallel initiation lines, which are detonated by a plane wave generator. The recovered metal rods were broken around their centers due to the superposition of detonation waves. A blue oxidation zone appeared at the fracture surfaces of steel rods in the contact zone under the charge, indicating the local existence of high temperatures. A finite element model was used to simulate and describe the dynamic fracture of metal rods caused by detonation wave collision. The three‐shock theory was used to examine the detonation wave collision. When the incidence angle was between 0° and 40°, the reflected shock wave pressure was approximately 2.1 times the CJ pressure. At an incidence angle of 44.84°, the ratio of Mach and CJ pressure reached a maximum of 3.1. The concentration degree of detonation pressure was developed to evaluate the superposition influence on the dynamic fracture of metal rods. The microstructure of fracture surfaces revealed that metal rods preferred shear fracture under high pressure concentration. With a low degree of pressure concentration, a brittle fracture may emerge. This research serves as a guide for designing and evaluating multimode warheads.

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“…Dunne [5,6] conducted theoretical and experimental studies on the Mach reflection of a detonation wave in condensed high-explosives to determine the critical angle for the Mach reflection and the pressure in the centre of the Mach stem. Krishnan et al [7] presented experimental results of Mach reflection in condensed high explosives viz., triple point growth angle, Mach-disc configuration and pressure. Trotsyuk et al [8] investigated the effect of the existence of strong transverse waves on the Mach stem front and the steadiness of Mach reflection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical and Experimental Study on Detonation Wave Propagation in Cylindrical High Explosive Charges with a Wave-shaper

Jian¹,

Zhang²,

He³

et al. 2016

Cent. Eur. J. Energ. Mater.

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Abstract:The use of a cylindrical high-explosive charge with a wave-shaper is an efficient way to obtain an ultra-high pressure and a convergent detonation wave. An analysis of flow fields corresponding to the regular and Mach reflection of detonation waves in a cylindrical high-explosive charge with a wave-shaper is presented in this paper. The pressure, flow velocity and triple point growth angle of the Mach stem were calculated. The Mach stem height was also determined by using the modified Whitham method. The results show that the Mach stem height rises from zero at the critical angle of Mach reflection and changes to the Chapman-Jouguet detonation state with the propagation of the detonation waves. Shock indentation experiments were conducted, in which a wave-shaper was used in a cylindrical high-explosive charge to form Mach reflection detonation waves. The results showed that the discrepancy between the experimental results and the theoretical calculations was less than 15%, which proves the validity of the proposed theoretical model.

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Mach Reflection in Condensed Explosives

Cited by 7 publications

References 2 publications

Detonation Wave Propagation in Double‐layer Cylindrical High Explosive Charges

Detonation Wave Propagation in Double‐layer Cylindrical High Explosive Charges

Dynamic fracture of metal rods under overdriven effect of cylindrical detonation collision

Theoretical and Experimental Study on Detonation Wave Propagation in Cylindrical High Explosive Charges with a Wave-shaper

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