Macauba oil as an alternative feedstock for biodiesel: Characterization and ester conversion by the supercritical method

Navarro-Díaz, Helmut J.; Gonzalez, Samantha Lemke; Irigaray, Bruno; Vieitez, Ignácio; Jachmanián, Iván; Hense, Haiko; Oliveira, J. Vladimir

doi:10.1016/j.supflu.2013.11.008

Cited by 65 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Table 1 shows the fatty acid composition of the oil determined by gas chromatography using the procedure described by Navarro-Díaz et al (2014). The oil has a FFA content of 70.26±0.05 wt% and water content of 0.76±0.001 wt%.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The work of Navarro-Díaz et al (2014), relating to the reaction of macauba oil with high acidity, i.e. 56.3 wt% FFA, shows that the addition of water to a level of 10 wt% (to ethanol) at 573 K, 20 MPa and oil:ethanol molar ratio of 1:40 reduced the yield of ethyl esters, compared to the reaction without water, for all residence times considered under these conditions.…”

Section: Effect Of Water Additionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Macauba oil is obtained from the pulp and almond, wherein the pulp comprises ~45% of the fruit (Ramos et al, 2008) and has between 18.7 to 29 wt% of oil (Coimbra and Jorge, 2012;Ciconini et al, 2013). The literature reports the high FFA content in macauba pulp oil (Doná et al, 2013;Aguieiras et al, 2014;Iha et al, 2014;Navarro-Díaz et al, 2014;César et al, 2015), between 10.5 to 65.4 wt%, due to the presence of fatty acids in the fruit tissues of Acrocomia aculeate (César et al, 2015) and because the oil is obtained by pressing and filtration without refining steps. The processing of this crude oil for biodiesel production requires the use of methods tolerant to free fatty acids (César et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fact that the alcohol is present under pressurized conditions in the reaction medium leads to higher solubility of the substrate, increasing reaction rates and ester yields . The use of this technique for MPO processing was reported by Navarro-Díaz et al (2014) using ethanol and methanol in supercritical conditions; however, the FFA conversion under different reaction conditions was not reported. This was also seen in the work by Doná et al (2013) for obtaining macauba biodiesel from interesterification with methyl acetate in supercritical conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The esterification reaction rate is faster than transesterification, and higher conversion of FFA can be obtained in subcritical conditions, as reported in the works of Vieitez et al (2012) and Abdala et al (2014a). Thus, since the MPO has high FFA levels, evaluation of the experimental conditions to allow the use of alcohol in subcritical conditions in the process has become a focus of study, and was not evaluated in the work by Navarro-Díaz et al (2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of process variables on the use of macauba pulp oil as feedstock for the continuous production of ethyl esters under pressurized conditions

Colonelli

Trentini

Santos

et al. 2017

Braz. J. Chem. Eng.

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-This study evaluated the potential of macauba pulp oil (MPO) as a feedstock for continuous ester production using ethanol under pressurized conditions. Experiments were performed in order to obtain data for the effect of process variables on ethyl ester (FAEE) and free fatty acid (FFA) conversion in a catalyst-free process. From the results, it appears that the MPO to ethanol mass ratio and the pressure were the variables with more favorable effect on the evaluated response variables. The addition of n-hexane caused an increase in the production of esters; however, this had a negative effect on FFA conversion. The addition of water was unfavorable for oil processing with high acidity. In this process, esterification and transesterification occur simultaneously, and the high FFA content in MPO provides high yields (85 wt% of esters; 93% FFA conversion) at low temperature, since the esterification reaction rate is higher than the transesterification. The decomposition of fatty acids was evaluated and levels <5% were observed under the evaluated experimental conditions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Water Additionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Assessment of process variables on the use of macauba pulp oil as feedstock for the continuous production of ethyl esters under pressurized conditions

Colonelli

Trentini

Santos

et al. 2017

Braz. J. Chem. Eng.

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Development of a green integrated process for biodiesel esters production: Use of fermented macaúba cake as biocatalyst for macaúba acid oil transesterification

Ávila

Collaço

Greco-Duarte

et al. 2021

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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In this study, a new green integrated process for biodiesel ester production was developed, consisting of the enzymatic transesterification of acid oil from macaúba palm tree (Acrocomia aculeata) catalyzed by dry fermented solid (DFS) with lipase activity, which was obtained from solid‐state fermentation (SSF) of macaúba cake. Analysis of statistical experimental designs showed that nitrogen supplementation of macaúba cake improved production of lipases displaying esterification capacity by Rhizomucor miehei. The conditions chosen to produce R. miehei DFS were cake supplementation with 2 wt% urea, 60 wt% of initial moisture during 48 h of fermentation at 40°C. DFS showed, by zymography assays, at least one enzyme that was different from those that are present in the commercial lipase of R. miehei. Furthermore, DFS was used in transesterification reactions between macaúba acid oil and alcohol (methanol or ethanol), and the ester content obtained was 92%. This is the first time that this integrated process using low‐cost biocatalysts and a low‐value oil derived from the processing of the same fruit was used for biodiesel ester production, reducing costs and logistic constraints, and optimizing the raw material utilization.

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Biofuels from oilseed fruits using different thermochemical processes: opportunities and challenges

Cruz

Silva

et al. 2020

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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The characterization of the physical-chemical properties and the thermal behavior of oilseed fruits for biofuels production has gained interest in the scientific community and society more generally, in particular with regard to their use as partial replacements for fossil fuels and for the possible reduction of air pollutants that cause problems for human health, animals, and plants. These oilseed fruits, which are rich in lipids, triglycerides, fatty acids, carotenoids, and other greasy compounds, can be transformed into solid, liquid, and gaseous products by different thermochemical conversion processes (conventional combustion, pyrolysis, oxy-fuel combustion, gasification and transesterification). This review investigates the different oleaginous feedstocks commonly found in the forests and plantations of Brazil -for example, olive stones, palm fruits, babassu coconut, macauba fruits, tucumã seeds and soybeans, and the respective residues generated from biofuel production and manufacturing processes. The main opportunities and challenges associated with the use of biofuels produced from these oilseed fruits lie in the fact that internal combustion engines using fossil fuels do not need to undergo modifications and mechanical adaptations to operate, and there is no corrosion risk and / or deterioration of metallic parts. Biofuels produce less greenhouse gas, or their pollution is considered neutral. Finally, the native forests of Brazil and the world present a vast number of different oleaginous species that still need be studied because they have excellent potential to be used as biofuels, as they are renewable energy sources and are sustainably eco-friendly.

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Macauba oil as an alternative feedstock for biodiesel: Characterization and ester conversion by the supercritical method

Cited by 65 publications

References 28 publications

Assessment of process variables on the use of macauba pulp oil as feedstock for the continuous production of ethyl esters under pressurized conditions

Assessment of process variables on the use of macauba pulp oil as feedstock for the continuous production of ethyl esters under pressurized conditions

Development of a green integrated process for biodiesel esters production: Use of fermented macaúba cake as biocatalyst for macaúba acid oil transesterification

Biofuels from oilseed fruits using different thermochemical processes: opportunities and challenges

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