Macaque Cardiac Physiology Is Sensitive to the Valence of Passively Viewed Sensory Stimuli

Bliss‐Moreau, Eliza; Machado, Christopher J.; Amaral, David G.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0071170

Cited by 38 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…Rhesus monkeys are also capable of discriminating emotional expressions from neutral expressions, yet they showed more difficulties with discriminating two distinct emotional expressions (Parr & Heintz, 2009). Moreover, macaque cardiac physiology is sensitive to the valence of passively viewed sensory stimuli (Bliss-Moreau, Machado, & Amaral, 2013).…”

Section: Cross-species Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dot-probe task to measure emotional attention: A suitable measure in comparative studies?

2017

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For social animals, attending to and recognizing the emotional expressions of other individuals is of crucial importance for their survival and likely has a deep evolutionary origin. Gaining insight into how emotional expressions evolved as adaptations over the course of evolution can be achieved by making direct cross-species comparisons. To that extent, experimental paradigms that are suitable for investigating emotional processing across species need to be developed and evaluated. The emotional dot-probe task, which measures attention allocation toward emotional stimuli, has this potential. The task is implicit, and subjects need minimal training to perform the task successfully. Findings in nonhuman primates, although scarce, show that they, like humans, have an attentional bias toward emotional stimuli. However, the wide literature on human studies has shown that different factors can have important moderating effects on the results. Due to the large heterogeneity of this literature, these moderating effects often remain unnoticed. We here review this literature and show that subject characteristics and differences in experimental designs affect the results of the dot-probe task. We conclude with specific recommendations regarding these issues that are particularly relevant to take into consideration when applying this paradigm to study animals.

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Section: Cross-species Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dot-probe task to measure emotional attention: A suitable measure in comparative studies?

2017

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“…On the other hand, “bite plates” or chin rests used in human work are not generally applicable to NHPs. NHPs require some method to limit head movement, either with the aid of surgical implants that are well tolerated (63), use of a noninvasive head holder (4, 64, 65), or through behavioral training (66). High speed/high resolution video systems can capture both eyes and, in some systems, part of the face for head position compensation over a limited range of head movement.…”

Section: Measuring Affective Influences On Pupil Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

“…These signals can be advantageous for tracking respiratory rate, often a signal of interest. Other measures can be employed to stabilize electrodes, like wrapping the torso of the animal with elastic bandage (4). …”

Section: Measuring Affective Influences On Heart Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, PVCs produce neither typical cardiac output nor typical QRS signatures. Standard human software packages have been employed in NHP by others after careful inspection and editing of the HR records and corroboration with simultaneous impedance measurement (4). We chose, instead, to validate each step of ECG signal processing when comparing autonomic responses before and after ablation of the amygdala.…”

Section: Measuring Affective Influences On Heart Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The interpretation of autonomic outputs, however, remains controversial (2). Inferred internal states and associated behavioral consequences vary among studies and have included veracity (2, 3), valence (4), reward (5, 6), surprise (7), attention (8), vigilance (9), arousal (10, 11), anxiety (12, 13), impulse control and emotional clarity (14), and cognitive performance (15–18). Some of these states have been grouped into the regulation and expression of emotion (19–21).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using pupil size and heart rate to infer affective states during behavioral neurophysiology and neuropsychology experiments

Mitz

Chacko

Putnam

et al. 2017

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

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Background Nonhuman primates (NHPs) are a valuable research model because of their behavioral, physiological and neuroanatomical similarities to humans. In the absence of language, autonomic activity can provide crucial information about cognitive and affective states during single-unit recording, inactivation and lesion studies. Methods standardized for use in humans are not easily adapted to NHPs and detailed guidance has been lacking. New Method We provide guidance for monitoring heart rate and pupil size in the behavioral neurophysiology setting by addressing the methodological issues, pitfalls and solutions for NHP studies. The methods are based on comparative physiology to establish a rationale for each solution. We include examples from both electrophysiological and lesion studies. Results Single-unit recording, pupil responses and heart rate changes represent a range of decreasing temporal resolution, a characteristic that impacts experimental design and analysis. We demonstrate the unexpected result that autonomic measures acquired before and after amygdala lesions are comparable despite disruption of normal autonomic function. Comparison with Existing Methods Species and study design differences can render standard techniques used in human studies inappropriate for NHP studies. We show how to manage data from small groups typical of NHP studies, data from the short behavioral trials typical of neurophysiological studies, issues associated with longitudinal studies, and differences in anatomy and physiology. Conclusions Autonomic measurement to infer cognitive and affective states in NHP is neither off-the-shelf nor onerous. Familiarity with the issues and solutions will broaden the use of autonomic signals in NHP single unit and lesion studies.

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Noninvasive cardiac psychophysiology as a tool for translational science with marmosets

Murphy

Ross

Bliss‐Moreau

2019

American J Primatol

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The importance of marmosets for comparative and translational science has grown in recent years because of their relatively rapid development, birth cohorts of twins, family social structure, and genetic tractability. Despite this, they remain understudied in investigations of affective processes. In this methodological note, we establish the validity of using noninvasive commercially available equipment to record cardiac physiology and compute indices of autonomic nervous system activity -a major component of affective processes. Specifically, we recorded electrocardiogram and impedance cardiogram, from which we derived heart rate, respiration rate, measures of high-frequency heart rate variability (indices of parasympathetic autonomic nervous system activity), and ventricular contractility (an index of sympathetic autonomic nervous system activity). Our methods produced physiologically plausible data, and further, animals with increased heart rates during testing were also more reactive to isolation from their social partner and presentation of novel objects, though no relationship was observed between reactivity and specific indices of parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous system activity. K E Y W O R D S affect, autonomic nervous system, heart rate variability, respiratory sinus arrhythmia, ventricular contractility Ashley M. Murphy

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Macaque Cardiac Physiology Is Sensitive to the Valence of Passively Viewed Sensory Stimuli

Cited by 38 publications

References 51 publications

The dot-probe task to measure emotional attention: A suitable measure in comparative studies?

The dot-probe task to measure emotional attention: A suitable measure in comparative studies?

Using pupil size and heart rate to infer affective states during behavioral neurophysiology and neuropsychology experiments

Noninvasive cardiac psychophysiology as a tool for translational science with marmosets

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