Macadamia nut production in the Hawaiian Islands

Genetic Resources and Domestication of Macadamia

“…In the Pine Rivers, north of Brisbane where two species co-occur, burrwang is reportedly the local indigenous people's name for macadamia (Wagner-Wright 1995). Common European names for macadamia include smooth shell macadamia, rough shell macadamia, Queensland nut, Bopple nut, bauple nut, popple nut, Australian nut, bush nut, and gympie nut (Francis 1928;Cheel and Morrison 1935;Wills 1939;Hamilton and Storey 1956;Leverington 1958Leverington , 1971.…”

“…Despite the Australian origins of the plant, macadamia was initially commercialized in Hawaii, and germplasm improvement is considered as having played a major role in this development (Hamilton and Storey 1956;Shigeura and Ooka 1984;Hamilton and Ito 1986;Wagner-Wright 1995). In addition, Hawaiian cultivars are responsible for much of the current world production (Hamilton and Fukunaga 1970;Allan 1989;Ito and Hamilton 1989;Stephenson 1990a;Peace et al 2005;Tay 2006).…”

“…Initial Introductions. The first introduction of macadamia to Hawaii was on the island of Hawaii by William Herbert Purvis sometime between 1881 and 1885 (Hamilton and Storey 1956;Hamilton and Fukunaga 1959;Shigeura and Ooka 1984;Wagner-Wright 1995) (Fig. 1.3).…”

“…In contrast, M. integrifolia nuts were considered to have thinner shells and more consistent response under oil roasting (Wagner-Wright 1995). No M. tetraphylla trees have been planted in Hawaii since about 1939 (Hamilton and Storey 1956), and existing M. tetraphylla trees were either eliminated or top-worked (Wagner-Wright 1995).…”

Effects of oil roasting temperature and time on the quality of two Macadamia integrifolia cultivars

“…Leverington (1958) described some minor modifications to this method. Hamilton and Storey (1956) state that macadamia nuts (species not identified) should be roasted in vegetable oil for 8-15 rnin at temperatures from 127 to 145°C. Leverington (1962), working on alternative * To whom correspondence should be addressed.…”