MACA-U: A Media Access Protocol for Underwater Acoustic Networks

Ng, Hai-Heng; Soh, Wee-Seng; Motani, Mehul

doi:10.1109/glocom.2008.ecp.165

Cited by 87 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…We compare the general behavior of our proposal with the one of the MACA-U protocol [10]. For this evaluation process we assume that each node has an acoustic range equal to 500 meters, the carrier frequency is set to 40Khz [11] and the transmission data rate to 9600 bits/s.…”

Section: Evaluation Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

A MAC Protocol for Underwater Sensors Networks

Santos

Orozco

Ochoa

et al. 2015

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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Abstract. Underwater sensor networks are becoming an important field of research, because of its everyday increasing application scope. Examples of their application areas are environmental and pollution monitoring (mainly oil spills), oceanographic data collection, support for submarine geo-localization, ocean sampling and early tsunamis alert. It is well-known the challenge that represents to perform underwater communications provided that radio signals are useless in this medium and a wired solution is too expensive. Therefore, the sensors in these network transmit their information using acoustic signals that propagate well under water. This data transmission type bring an opportunity, but also several challenges to the implementation of these networks, e.g., in terms of energy consumption, data transmission and signal interference. Few proposals are available to deal with the problem in this particular application scenario, and these proposals does not address properly the transmission of underwater acoustic signals. In order to help advance the knowledge in the design and implementation of these networks, this paper proposes a MAC protocol for acoustic communications between the nodes based on a self-organized time division multiple access mechanism. The proposal is still preliminary and it has only been evaluated in the laboratory; however, it represents a highly promising behavior that make us expect interesting results in real-world scenarios.

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Section: Evaluation Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

A MAC Protocol for Underwater Sensors Networks

Santos

Orozco

Ochoa

et al. 2015

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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“…Ng et al [5] suggested Media Access Carrier Avoid-Underwater (MACA-U), a protocol that emerged from transforming the existing MACA protocol. MACA-U is a protocol that adds a state, decreases collisions, and limits transmissions by setting a timer when the corresponding state alters when an exchange between frames occurs in the existing MACA protocol.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Delay Time Overlapping MAC Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

Jang¹,

Oh²

2016

IJFGCN

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“…However, this algorithm does not solve the exposed terminal problem, especially in an UWA channel where the transmissions are characterized by high propagation delay. MACA for underwater (MACA-U) 17 adopts the MACA protocol for the underwater environment by modifying some of the state transition rules of the original MACA protocol. In MACA-U, the wait timer for CTS from the receiver and the wait timer for receiving the DATA from the source node are calculated by considering the maximum propagation delay, which may provide low throughput and high end-to-end delay in transmission.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

An adaptive network allocation vector timer-based carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance medium access control protocol for underwater acoustic sensor networks

Rahman

Lee

Koo

2017

International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks

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Underwater sensor networks with acoustic communications are significantly challenged due to several unique characteristics, such as energy consumption, high propagation delay, and severely limited distance-dependent bandwidth. These unique characteristics make it difficult to directly adopt schemes for underwater acoustic sensor networks that are already proven for reliable terrestrial wireless sensor networks. In particular, propagation delay is one of the key elements for delay-sensitive underwater applications. In this article, we propose an adaptive network allocation vector timer-based underwater carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance medium access control protocol with propagation delay estimation to maximize network throughput while reducing the end-to-end delay in transmission for delay-sensitive applications. In the proposed scheme, we first calculate the distance between the sensor nodes using received signal strength and the Lambert W function and then estimate the propagation delay. Consequently, the neighbor node can set an adaptive network allocation vector timer based on the estimated propagation delay. Our extensive simulation results reveal that the proposed scheme outperforms the distance-aware collision avoidance protocol, the propagation-delay-tolerant collision avoidance protocol, and the maximum propagation delay-based medium access control protocol in terms of network throughput and end-to-end delay. The simulation results also show that the proposed scheme has near-optimal performance compared to the knowledge-based medium access control scheme, which utilizes the location information of each sensor node.

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MACA-U: A Media Access Protocol for Underwater Acoustic Networks

Cited by 87 publications

References 9 publications

A MAC Protocol for Underwater Sensors Networks

A MAC Protocol for Underwater Sensors Networks

A Delay Time Overlapping MAC Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

An adaptive network allocation vector timer-based carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance medium access control protocol for underwater acoustic sensor networks

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