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Abstract

In this study, the larval development of freshwater angelfish, Pterophyllum scalare, was described under controlled aquarium conditions. Major histomorphological changes and the allometric growth patterns during the larval development have been described. The larvae were obtained from three pairs of freshwater angelfish, which were maintained in glass tanks. The larvae were sampled for measurement and photography. They were observed under a stereomicroscope, photographed using a photomicrographic system. The larval development of angelfish were described from 1 days after hatching (DAH) to 24 DAH. Embryonic developmental stage was completed at day 3 after spawning at 24±1ºC. The newly hatched larvae had 4.24±0.28 mm total length (TL). The mouth opened at 3 DAH. The larvae started to swim actively within the next 3-4 days.Notochord flexion began at 3-4 DAH. The yolk sac has been totally absorbed at 6 DAH. The metamorphosis was completed and the larvae transformed into juveniles at 23-24 DAH.Keywords: Ornamental fish, aquarium, larval development, allometric growth.Tatlı Su Melek Balığının (Pterophyllum scalare) (Teleostei: Cichlidae) Larval Gelişimi ÖzetBu çalışmada, tatlı su melek balığının (Pterophyllum scalare) kontrollü akvaryum koşullarında larval gelişimi incelenmiştir. Larvalar, cam tankta tutulan üç çift tatlısu melek balığından elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen larvalar ölçüm ve fotoğraflama için örneklenmiştir. Alınan örnekler stereomikroskop altında incelenmiş ve mikro fotoğraflama sistemi ile fotoğraflanmıştır. Melek balıklarının larval gelişimleri, yumurtadan çıktıktan sonraki 1 ile 24 gün arasında tanımlanmıştır. Larval gelişim boyunca gözlenen temel histomorfolojik değişimler ve allometrik büyüme modelleri tanımlanmıştır. Denemede, embriyonik gelişim safhası, 24±1ºC'de yumurtlamadan sonraki 3. günde sona ermiştir. Kuluçkadan yeni çıkmış larvaların 4,24±0,28 mm total boy (TL) uzunluğa sahip oldukları belirlenmiştir. Ağız açılımı, kuluçkadan çıktıktan sonraki 3.günde gerçekleşmiştir. Larva takip eden 3-4 gün içerisinde aktif olarak yüzmeye başlamıştır. Notokorda fleksiyonu açılımdan sonraki 3-4.günlerde başlamıştır. Besin kesesi, açılımı takip eden 6. günde tamamen tükenmiştir. Açılımdan sonraki 23-24. günlerde metamorfoz tamamlanmış ve larva juvenil formuna dönüşmüştür.Anahtar Kelimeler: Süs balıkları, akvaryum, larval gelişim, allometrik büyüme.

Red Fluorescent Protein Expression in Transgenic Founder of Angelfish (Pterophyllum sp) Driven by Zebrafish Myosin Light Chain 2 Promoter

“…In addition, since the micromanipulation process requires fast, precise manipulation techniques, the transgenic plasmid must be microinjected into the embryos at the correct stage of one cell. Angel sh embryos develop at a single-cell stage for approximately 20 minutes [25], which is enough time to transfer a large amount of plasmid to be made at one time into multiple egg embryos. In light of this, even though embryo survival after microinjection was poor in this study, the percentage of embryos expressing red uorescence protein expression was high (Table 2).…”

“…After microinjection, the survival rate of angel sh eggs was only 2.3 percent, which is 60-80 percent lower than that of zebra sh eggs [26]. Angel sh are species that lay eggs on substrates and are particularly sensitive to changes in environmental circumstances [25,27]. As a result, embryo survival is poor because of egg harvest and the in uence of the micromanipulator on embryos during gene transfer.…”

“…The sh is native to the Amazon, Guyana, and Orinoco rivers. In natural environments, angel sh reach a maximum length of 15 cm, a maximum height of 25 cm, and lays up to 1000 eggs [25]. Although the transfer of a uorescent red uorescent protein gene precisely regulating CKMb muscle expression has been reported in angel sh [24],…”

Çalı Ağız Cüce Vatozun (Ancistrus dolichopterus) Akvaryum Koşullarında Üremesi ve Gelişimi Üzerine Bir Ön Çalışma

“…While the larval development in common cichla (Cichlasoma dimerus), discus (Symphysodon discus), angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare), and midas cichlid (Amphilophus spp.) were completed in around 24-42 days (Meijide and Guerrero 2000;Çelik 2010;Çelik et al 2014;Kratochwil et al 2015), the study conducted by Karadal (2016) on four mbuna cichlid species, including rusty cichlid (Iodotropheus sprengerae), kenyi (Maylandia lombardoi), auratus (Melanochromis auratus) and demasoni (Pseudotropheus demasoni), reported that the larval stages lasted 19-21 days. However, there are several studies conducted on the larval development of armored and suckermouth catfish species.…”

Cardiovascular risks in active athletes within the provincial directorate of youth and sports: a descriptive cross-sectional study

“…Sport is considered to be a useful activity in the physical and mental development of individuals due to its positive contribution to the continuation of health status, prevention of obesity and diseases that may develop due to sedentary life and to the person's social life. 1,2 Regular exercise has proven to be an effective method to prevent obesity 3 , cardiovascular diseases 1 , diabetes, breast 4 , colon, rectal 5 and prostate 6 cancers. 7 Physical activity is known to reduce depression 8 , lower blood pressure 9 , positively affect bone health 10 , improve symptoms in fibromyalgia patients 11 , and reduce the risk of dementia.…”