Mast Cells and Oral Inflammation

Abstract

Mast cells are mobile granule-containing secretory cells that are distributed preferentially about the microvascular endothelium in oral mucosa and dental pulp. The enzyme profile of mast cells in oral tissues resembles that of skin, with most mast cells expressing the serine proteases tryptase and chymase. Mast cells in oral tissues contain the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor-␣ in their granules, and release of this promotes leukocyte infiltration during evolving inflammation in several conditions, including lichen planus, gingivitis, pulpitis, and periapical inflammation, through induction of endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecules. Mast cell synthesis and release of other mediators exerts potent immunoregulatory effects on other cell types, while several T-lymphocyte-derived cytokines influence mast cell migration and mediator release. Mast cell proteases may contribute to alterations in basement membranes in inflammation in the oral cavity, such as the disruptions that allow cytotoxic lymphocytes to enter the epithelium in oral lichen planus. A close relationship exists among mast cells, neural elements, and laminin, and this explains the preferential distribution of mast cells in tissues. Mast cells are responsive to neuropeptides and, through their interaction with neural elements, form a neural immune network with Langerhans cells in mucosal tissues. This facilitates mast cell degranulation in response to a range of immunological and non-immunological stimuli. Because mast cells play a pivotal role in inflammation, therapies that target mast cell functions could have value in the treatment of chronic inflammatory disorders in the oral cavity.

Effect ofCrataegusUsage in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: An Evidence-Based Approach

“…Inflammation has been increasingly recognized as an important pathogenic component of chronic heart failure [33, 34]. Many transcriptional factors, inflammatory cytokines, enzymes, and other mediators have been shown to be related to these effects [35]. The observed anti-inflammatory effects of the water fraction of hawthorn fruit might be attributed to the downregulation of COX-2, TNF- α , IL-1 β , and IL-6 expression in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells [36].…”

Participação Dos Mastócitos No Reparo Tecidual E Em Lesões Inflamatórias Bucais – Uma Revisão De Literatura

“…Essas substâncias podem ser agrupadas em três classes distintas como os mediadores pré-formados associados aos grânulos, os mediadores derivados de lipídios e as citocinas. (9,12,13) A histamina, a única amina vasoativa armazenada nos grânulos de mastócitos humanos, exerce um efeito vasodilatador predominantemente sobre os vasos sanguíneos finos, resultando em aumento da permeabilidade vascular, maior afluxo sanguíneo na microcirculação, queda da resistência periférica total e redução da pressão sanguínea.…”

Estudo comparativo dos efeitos da dexametasona e do diclofenaco sódico sobre o processo reparativo de feridas induzidas no ventre lingual de ratos

“…Na presença de um estímulo, essas células são capazes de secretar entre 80 e 300 grânulos ricos em histamina, mediadores derivados dos lipídeos (ácido araquidônico e fosfolipídeos acetilados), proteinases (triptase e quimase), proteoglicanos (heparina) e citocinas (Walsh et al, 1995;Duarte et al,1999;Walsh, 2003). Como já vimos, a histamina influencia na vasodilatação e na permeabilidade vascular, tendo sido relacionada às mudanças vasculares observadas na resposta inflamatória.…”

“…Os mastócitos tem sido encontrados tanto nos tecidos gengivais saudáveis quanto nas áreas de inflamação (Walsh et al, 1995;Walsh, 2003;Batista et al, 2005 (Walsh et al, 1995).…”

“…As moléculas originadas pelos mastócitos, como TNF e histamina, favorecem a adesão dos leucócitos nos vasos, aumentando a expressão das moléculas de adesão endoteliais, selectina e integrina. (Walsh et al, 1991;Granger;Kubes, 1994 (Duarte et al, 1999;Walsh, 2003).…”