M-score and wound healing assessment of 2 nonantibiotic topical gel treatments of active digital dermatitis lesions in dairy cattle

Abstract

This open-label, randomized clinical trial with positive control compared the treatment of active digital dermatitis (DD) lesions (stages M1, M2, and M4.1) on dairy cattle hind feet with an enzyme alginogel or a copper and zinc chelate gel (coppergel). Upon recruitment (d 0), active DD lesions were cleaned, photographed, treated, and bandaged. This procedure was repeated on d 3 and d 7, with treatment and bandaging discontinued for those lesions that had transitioned to the M0, M3, or M4 stage on d 7. Day 10 was considered the end of the treatment trial, and all recruited feet were cleaned and photographed. Treatment effect of the 2 products was assessed not only using the M-score but also using general wound healing progress criteria. Improvement of M-score was defined as transition to M0, M3, or M4 stages, or to lesions with a smaller ulcerative area (e.g., M2 stage to M1 stage). Lesions with improved wound healing had at least one of the following criteria when compared with the previous observation: decreased defect size, healthier granulation tissue color (pinkred instead of purple-grayish), more regular aspect of granulation tissue surface, wound contraction, or epithelization starting from the surrounding skin. Both primary outcomes were assessed using a multivariable logistic regression analysis. Lesions treated with the enzyme alginogel had a decreased adjusted odds ratio for M-score improvement (aOR: 0.04; 95% confidence interval: 0.01-0.11). Lesions treated with the coppergel mostly transitioned to chronic lesions, whereas lesions treated with the enzyme alginogel mostly remained active lesions. The wound healing progress of almost 70% of the lesions treated with coppergel could not be scored, for the greater part due to the presence of crust materials. With these unscorable lesions classified as "improved," there was no treatment effect on wound healing progress (aOR: 0.99; 95% confidence interval: 0.34-3.05), whereas with unscorable lesions classified as "not improved," the enzyme alginogel outperformed the coppergel with regard to wound healing progress (aOR: 2.48; 95% confidence interval: 1.07-5.79). None of the products used in our study achieved high cure rates (transition to the M0 stage) for active DD lesions. Low cure rates of topical treatment of DD, together with the important role of chronic lesions in the epidemiology of DD, indicate that future research should investigate how to achieve successful wound management of DD lesions, thereby mitigating pain associated with the lesions and reducing both transmission and prevalence of DD within herds.

Proof of an optimized salicylic acid paste-based treatment concept of ulcerative M2-stage digital dermatitis lesions in 21 dairy cows

“…Topical treatment with chlortetracycline resulted in a 79% reduction from M2-stage to non-M2 lesions per week [ 48 ]. To help reduce the use of antibiotics in veterinary medicine and by this, the risk of promoting resistances, recent studies have focused on evaluating the efficacy of alternative, non-antibiotic substances based on copper, zinc, iodine, or enzyme alginogel [ 16 , 19 , 29 , 49 – 53 ]. However, none of these products was able to restore the M5-stage.…”

Treatment of digital dermatitis using salicylic acid in European bison (Bison bonasus) reveals promising results

“…Most DD treatment studies verify their efficacy based on macroscopical evaluation of lesions and lameness scoring (35)(36)(37). Ideally, however, animals should be treated before lameness occurs, and before treponemes already infiltrate deeper layers of the skin, where topical medications are less effective (38).…”