M-mode and Doppler echocardiographic reference values for male New Zealand white rabbits

Fontes-Sousa, Ana Patrícia; Brás-Silva, Carmen; Moura, Cláudia; Areias, José Carlos; Leite‐Moreira, Adelino F.

doi:10.2460/ajvr.67.10.1725

Cited by 35 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…Similar to a previous study (Fontes‐Sousa et al. 2006), M‐mode measurements of the LV, left atrium, and aorta as well as pulsed Doppler measurements of aortic outflow and mitral inflow velocities were recorded in anesthetized rabbits. The images were obtained at 12 MHz using a 2SS‐D Cardiac Probe operated by a GE Vivid E9 Color Doppler Ultrasound Scanner (GE Health).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Structure-function remodeling in rabbit hearts of myocardial infarction

Niu

et al. 2017

Physiol Rep

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Animal models are of importance to investigate basic mechanisms for ischemic heart failure (HF). The objective of the study was to create a rabbit model through multiple coronary artery ligations to investigate the postoperative structure‐function remodeling of the left ventricle (LV) and coronary arterial trees. Here, we hypothesize that the interplay of the degenerated coronary vasculature and increased ventricle wall stress relevant to cardiac fibrosis in vicinity of myocardial infarction (MI) precipitates the incidence and progression of ischemic HF. Echocardiographic measurements showed an approximately monotonic drop of fractional shortening and ejection fraction from 40% and 73% down to 28% and 58% as well as persistent enlargement of LV cavity and slight mitral regurgitation at postoperative 12 weeks. Micro‐CT and histological measurements showed that coronary vascular rarefaction and cardiac fibrosis relevant to inflammation occurred concurrently in vicinity of MI at postoperative 12 weeks albeit there was compensatory vascular growth at postoperative 6 weeks. These findings validate the proposed rabbit model and prove the hypothesis. The post‐MI rabbit model can serve as a reference to test various drugs for treatment of ischemic HF.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Structure-function remodeling in rabbit hearts of myocardial infarction

Niu

et al. 2017

Physiol Rep

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“…Rabbits are sufficiently large, tolerate well GA and can be subjected to echocardiographic assessment [30][31][32][33][34] in the conscious state and allow easy blood withdrawals from artery and veins of the ears [13,14,23,[37][38][39][40][41]. Rabbits were prepubertal at the time of surgery and were followed for 1 year.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Animals were placed in specially prepared concave basins of elastic material maintained in lateral decubitus and kept calm throughout the course of the examination. Echocardiographic evaluation was possible for all subjects and results were judged as good by veterinary ultrasonographers [30][31][32][33].…”

Section: Sternal Lengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thoracic cage plasticity in prepubertal New Zealand white rabbits submitted to T1–T12 dorsal arthrodesis: computed tomography evaluation, echocardiographic assessment and cardio-pulmonary measurements

et al. 2013

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Purpose We aimed to describe the morphological changes in the thoracic cage and spinal column induced in New Zealand White (NZW) prepubertal rabbits subjected to dorsal arthrodesis and observed at skeletal maturity by computed tomography (CT) scans. This was done to evaluate the plasticity of the thoracic cage of rabbits with non-deformed spine, by highlighting its modifications after spinal arthrodesis. Emogas data analysis, echocardiographic assessment and cardio-pulmonary measurements completed the evaluation.Methods Surgery was performed in 16 female rabbits, 6 weeks old. Nine were subjected to T1-T12 dorsal arthrodesis, while seven were sham-operated. Surgery involved the implant of two C-shaped stainless steel bars and heterologous bone graft. CT scans were performed before surgery, 2, 6 and 12 months after surgery. One week after the last CT scan, echocardiographic and emogas evaluations were performed. Results Chest depth (8 %), thoracic kyphosis (ThK) (23 %), dorsal and ventral length of the thoracic spine (11 %) and sternal length (7 %) were significantly reduced in operated compared to sham-operated rabbits. Mean values ± standard deviation (SD) of PaCO 2 , PaO 2 and sO 2 were not significantly different. Mean values ± SD of echocardiographic measurements were not significantly different between the two groups of rabbits, except for thickness of the interventricular septum in systole, contractile capacity of the left ventricle and ejection fraction. Conclusions T1-T12 dorsal arthrodesis in prepubertal NZW rabbits with non-deformed spine induced changes of the thoracic cage morphology. However, those changes are source of cardio-pulmonary complications not severe enough to reproduce a clinical picture comparable to thoracic insufficiency syndrome in humans.

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“…The literature shows a great variation in the reference values for EF and the other echocardiographic variables. Stypmann et al (11) used the formula of Fontes-Souza et al (28), the cubic formula to obtain EF (which is another factor), besides another anesthetic protocol, the conjunction of which prevents the comparison of the values obtained. In another experiment by our research group (5), EF and %∆D were respectively 75.05±5.76% and 40.68±5.08% in rabbits sedated with midazolam (1 mg/kg IM).…”

Section: Time (T) Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac evaluation after experimental intoxication by Amorimia rigida (Malpighiaceae) extracts in rabbits

Borboleta¹,

Ef²,

Oliveira³

et al. 2012

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

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Clinical and laboratory changes were evaluated in rabbits after intoxication by Amorimia rigida, a plant that causes sudden death. Nine New Zealand male rabbits, averaging 3.54 kg, were categorized into three groups (n = 3) and received, for eight consecutive days, the equivalent of 30 g/kg dry matter of A. rigida water-soluble (SG) and water-insoluble (IG) extracts via nasoesophageal route. The control group received water. There were no alterations in creatine kinase enzyme (CK), CK myocardial fraction (CKMB) or troponine I (cTnI). None of the animals had clinical or electrocardiographic (conventional and Holter) alterations. There were progressive decreases in the left ventricular ejection fraction and systolic fractional shortening. Doppler echocardiography alterations suggested a systolic dysfunction in the SG and IG groups and diastolic dysfunction in IG group. It was concluded that the soluble and insoluble extracts of A. rigida cause deficit of cardiac function.Key words: toxic plant, Amorimia rigida, cardiac muscle profile, electrocardiography, echocardiography, rabbit. Original PaPer The Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases ISSN 1678-9199 | 2012 | volume 18 | issue 3 | pages 295-305 INTRODUCTIONThe genus Amorimia (Malpighiaceae) contains one of the 10 most important toxic plants in South America (1), best known of which is Amorimia rigida (Mascagnia rigida), well distributed in Minas Gerais state (Brazil), mainly in the northern and northeastern regions, where it is popularly known as "salsa-rosa" or "suma-roxa". It belongs to a group that causes acute intoxication that may provoke death preceded or not by a short period of clinical signs (2).After A. rigida intake, animals may show apathy, anorexia, rigid walking, prolonged recumbence, muscle tremors and death, among other clinical signs. Significant alterations have not been found at necropsy of animals intoxicated by A. rigida. Multifocal infiltrate of lymphocytes in the myocardium associated with edema and congestion of myocytes was found in the histological exams (3).Studies are necessary to elucidate which physiopathological mechanisms are involved in A. rigida intoxication that leads to sudden death. In spite of the existence of some reports of mortality in the absence of cardiac lesions, it is suggested that the main action of this plant in the heart may be due to its phytochemical characteristics that might affect cardiac function within a period insufficient to produce alterations detectable by optical microscopy (4).To the best of our knowledge, no previous study has concurrently evaluated continuous electrocardiography (Holter), Doppler echocardiography and the cardiac muscle biochemical profile in animals after the intake of A. rigida. Thus, the present work aimed to ascertain the influence of this plant on the cardiac system using the rabbit as the experimental model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animal AssaysNine six-month-old white New Zealand male rabbits weighing an average of 3.54 kg were used. Firstl...

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M-mode and Doppler echocardiographic reference values for male New Zealand white rabbits

Abstract: Results provide echocardiographic reference values for young adult male New Zealand white rabbits anesthetized with ketamine and medetomidine. Values obtained from unanesthetized rabbits, rabbits sedated with other agents, or rabbits of different size may differ from those reported here.

Cited by 35 publications

References 36 publications

The Structure-function remodeling in rabbit hearts of myocardial infarction

The Structure-function remodeling in rabbit hearts of myocardial infarction

Thoracic cage plasticity in prepubertal New Zealand white rabbits submitted to T1–T12 dorsal arthrodesis: computed tomography evaluation, echocardiographic assessment and cardio-pulmonary measurements

Cardiac evaluation after experimental intoxication by Amorimia rigida (Malpighiaceae) extracts in rabbits

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