M. Elizabeth Wallace Responds

Wallace, Michele

doi:10.2307/376889

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Ambaum et al (2001) nd a temporal correlation of 0.92. Over the past few years a debate has arisen as to whether the NAO or the annular mode is a more appropriate paradigm of lowfrequency variability (Wallace 2000;Deser 2000;Ambaum et al 2001). As shown in Figs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dynamics of NAO teleconnection pattern growth and decay

Feldstein

2003

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

254

214

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SUMMARYThis investigation performs both diagnostic analyses with NCEP/NCAR re-analysis data and forced, barotropic model calculations to examine the dynamical mechanisms associated with the growth and decay of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) teleconnection pattern. The diagnostic calculations include projection and composite analyses of each term in the stream-function-tendency equation.The results of the analyses reveal a complete life cycle of growth and decay within approximately two weeks. The positive NAO phase is found to develop after anomalous wavetrain propagation across the North Paci c to the east coast of North America. This contrasts with the negative NAO phase which appeared to develop in situ.Both high-frequency (period < 10 days) and low-frequency (period > 10 days) transient eddy uxes drive the NAO growth. After the NAO anomaly attains its maximum amplitude, the high-frequency transient eddy uxes continue to drive the NAO anomaly in a manner that is consistent with a positive feedback process. The decay of the NAO occurs through both the divergence term and the low-frequency transient eddy uxes. The temporal and spatial properties of the divergence term are found to be consistent with Ekman pumping. These results illustrate many important differences between the NAO and Paci c/North American (PNA) teleconnection patterns, perhaps most striking being that the NAO life cycle is dominated by nonlinear processes, whereas the PNA evolution is primarily linear, In addition, the relation between the NAO and the zonal index is discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dynamics of NAO teleconnection pattern growth and decay

Feldstein

2003

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

254

214

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“…These papers were based on the analysis of the first Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) of geopotential height in the atmosphere, the variability of which they refer to as the Arctic Oscillation (AO, Thompson and Wallace 1998). A discussion of the usefulness of characterizing the variability of the atmosphere in terms of the AO can be found in Wallace (2000), Ambaum et al (2001) and Wallace and Thompson (2002). Dunkerton (1999, 2001) showed that anomalies in the amplitude of the Arctic Oscillation appeared to propagate from the stratosphere to the troposphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of tropospheric forecasts to stratospheric initial conditions

Charlton

O’Neill

Lahoz

et al. 2004

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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SUMMARYA number of recent papers in the atmospheric science literature have suggested that a dynamical link exists between the stratosphere and troposphere. Numerical modelling studies have shown that the troposphere has a time-mean response to changes to the stratospheric climatological state. In this study the response of the troposphere to an imposed transient stratospheric change is examined.The study uses a high horizontal and vertical resolution numerical weather-prediction model. Experiments compare the tropospheric forecasts of two medium-range forecast ensembles which have identical tropospheric initial conditions and different stratospheric initial conditions. In three case studies described here, stratospheric initial conditions have a statistically significant impact on the tropospheric flow. The mechanism for this change involves, in its most basic step, a change to tropospheric synoptic-scale systems. A consistent change to the tropospheric synoptic-scale systems occurs in response to the stratospheric initial conditions. The aggregated impact of changes to individual synoptic systems maps strongly onto the structure of the Arctic Oscillation, particularly over the North Atlantic storm track. The relationship between the stratosphere and troposphere, while apparent in Arctic Oscillation diagnostics, does not occur on coherent, hemispheric scales.

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“…1 Separate studies show that the reduction of TNF-α results in predictable biochemical responses, specifically lipid changes. 36 Hence, NPSCs loaded with anti-TNF-α are excellent system for mapping the relationship between these biochemical changes and NP carrier distributions. By utilizing MALDI-MSI to monitor the predicted, altered lipid composition and LA-ICP-MS to monitor the NP carrier, we can determine whether biochemical changes occur only at sites of delivery agent accumulation or more broadly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual Mass Spectrometric Tissue Imaging of Nanocarrier Distributions and Their Biochemical Effects

et al. 2019

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Nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles are able to deliver therapeutics in a controlled, targeted manner. Currently, however, there are limited analytical methods that can detect both nanomaterial distributions and their biochemical effects concurrently. In this study, we demonstrate that matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry imaging (LA-ICP-MSI) can be used together to obtain nanomaterial distributions and biochemical consequences. These studies employ nanoparticle-stabilized capsules (NPSCs) loaded with siRNA as a testbed. MALDI-MSI experiments on spleen tissues from intravenously injected mice indicate that NPSCs loaded with TNF-a-specific siRNA cause changes to lipid composition in white pulp regions of the spleen, as anticipated, based on pathways known to be affected by TNF-a, whereas NPSCs loaded with scrambled siRNA do not cause the predicted changes. Interestingly, FA-ICP-MSI experiments reveal that the NPSCs primarily localize in the red pulp, suggesting that the observed changes in lipid composition are due to diffusive rather than localized effects on TNF-α production. Such information is only accessible by combining data from the two modalities, which we accomplish by using the heme signals from MAFDI-MSI and Fe signals from FA-ICP-MSI to overlay the images. Several unexpected changes in lipid composition also occur in regions where the NPSCs are found, suggesting that the NPSCs themselves can influence tissue biochemistry as well.

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M. Elizabeth Wallace Responds

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

The dynamics of NAO teleconnection pattern growth and decay

The dynamics of NAO teleconnection pattern growth and decay

Sensitivity of tropospheric forecasts to stratospheric initial conditions

Dual Mass Spectrometric Tissue Imaging of Nanocarrier Distributions and Their Biochemical Effects

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