Lyttelton Volcano, Banks Peninsula, New Zealand: Primary volcanic landforms and eruptive centre identification

Hampton, Samuel J.; Cole, Jim

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.09.005

Cited by 23 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…At higher spatial resolution, we have made the distinction between constructional (lava flows, scoria cones and pyroclastic layers) and erosional volcanic features such as radial valleys and ridge patterns that are controlled by the initial volcanic landforms (Hampton and Cole, 2009). Because lava flows are often erupted at a central vent, volcanoes develop, to a first order, a radial cone-like shape with an axial symmetry.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Classical approaches for quantifying erupted volumes on active volcanoes are based on the difference between pre-and post-eruption digital elevation models (DEM) when pre-eruptive surfaces are available (Stevens et al, 1999;Murray and Stevens, 2000). When these surfaces are poorly constrained, which is often the case for older and eroded volcanoes, other approaches using primary volcanic landforms are required to estimate the amount of the both erupted and eroded material (Hildreth et al, 2003;Szekely and Karatson, 2004), or, alternatively, to locate eruptive centers (Hampton and Cole, 2009). We propose to combine here the two previous approaches in order to constrain volcanic production with a relatively high time-resolution covering three orders of magnitude, from 10 ka to 1 Ma.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

DEM-based reconstruction of southern Basse-Terre volcanoes (Guadeloupe archipelago, FWI): Contribution to the Lesser Antilles Arc construction rates and magma production

2012

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DEM-based reconstruction of southern Basse-Terre volcanoes (Guadeloupe archipelago, FWI): Contribution to the Lesser Antilles Arc construction rates and magma production

2012

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“…The basement consists of Mesozoic metamorphic rocks (Torlesse composite terrane) largely outcropping in the mountains, which have undergone an intense polyphase deformation (Figure ) [e.g., MacKinnon , ]. Finally, Banks Peninsula is characterized by Late Miocene basaltic volcanism [e.g., Herzer , ; Sewell , ; Hampton and Cole , ].…”

Section: The Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Fracture‐related wavefield polarization and seismic anisotropy across the Greendale Fault

et al. 2015

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We investigate seismic signatures of fracturing in a newly ruptured strike‐slip fault by determining the wavefield polarization in the New Zealand Canterbury Plains area and across the Greendale Fault, which was responsible for the 3 September 2010 Darfield Mw 7.1 earthquake. Previous studies suggested that fractured rocks in fault damage zones cause directional amplification and ground motion polarization in the fracture‐perpendicular direction as an effect of stiffness anisotropy, and cause velocity anisotropy with shear wave velocity larger in the fracture‐parallel component. An array of 14 stations was installed following the Darfield earthquake. We assess polarization both in the frequency and time domains through the individual‐station horizontal‐to‐vertical spectral ratio and covariance matrix analysis, respectively, and compare the results to previously reported anisotropy measurements from shear wave splitting. Stations installed in the Canterbury Plains have an amplification peak between 0.1 and 0.3 Hz for both earthquakes and ambient noise. We relate the amplification to the resonance of a considerable thickness (c. 1 km) of soft sediments lying over the metamorphic bedrock. Analysis of seismic events revealed the existence of another peak in amplification between 2 and 5 Hz at two on‐fault stations, which was not visible in the noise analysis. In contrast to the lower frequency peak, the ones between 2 and 5 Hz are more strongly anisotropic, attaining amplitudes up to a factor of 4 in the N52° direction. To interpret this effect we model the fracture pattern in the fault damage zone produced by the fault kinematics. We conclude that the horizontal polarization is orthogonal to extensional fractures, which predominate in the shallow layers (<2 km) with an expected strike of N139°. Fracture orientation is consistent with coseismic surface rupture observations, confirming the reliability of the model. S wave splitting is produced by velocity anisotropy in the entire rock volume crossed along the seismic path; thus, it is affected by deeper material than the amplification study. We explain the rotation of S wave fast component observed by Holt et al. (2013) near the fault in terms of the dominant synthetic cleavages at greater depths (>2 km), expected in N101° direction on the basis of the model. Thus, different fracture distribution at different depths may explain different results for amplification compared to anisotropy. We propose polarization amplification analysis as a complementary method to S wave splitting analysis. Polarization analysis is rapidly computed and robust, and it can be applied to either earthquakes or ambient noise recordings, giving useful information about the predominant fracture patterns at various depths.

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“…Hampton & Cole (2009) and Hampton (2010) identified seven main eruptive centres within the Lyttelton Volcano. Further eruptive centres on Banks Peninsula have been identified from mapped vents and plugs, and stratigraphic relationships (Fig.…”

Section: Magmatismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Faulting in Banks Peninsula: tectonic setting and structural controls for late Miocene intraplate volcanism, New Zealand

Ring

Hampton

2012

JGS

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An analysis of faulting in the late Miocene volcanic rocks of Banks Peninsula, South Island, New Zealand, shows that the formation of the volcanic edifice was largely controlled by NE–SW-striking dextral-oblique strike-slip faults. The data show a variable component of west–east- or NW–SE-oriented shortening and north–south or NE–SW extension. Synvolcanic faults reactivated Cretaceous normal faults and are interpreted to have formed a local pull-apart basin that controlled volcanism. Further east, the geometry of Akaroa Harbour is controlled by a north–south-striking oblique reverse fault. Limited fault-slip data collected from sub-recent loess deposits are not significantly different from the data collected in the volcanic rocks and appear to show that the kinematic field did not change significantly over the last c . 10 Ma. The overall kinematic field causing the recent series of earthquakes in the greater Christchurch region is also not fundamentally different from the one that controlled the eruption of the volcanic rocks. We conclude that the inherited Cretaceous faults controlled the development of the late Miocene volcanism on Banks Peninsula and largely provided a major anisotropy along which the recent faults ruptured.

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Lyttelton Volcano, Banks Peninsula, New Zealand: Primary volcanic landforms and eruptive centre identification

Cited by 23 publications

References 18 publications

DEM-based reconstruction of southern Basse-Terre volcanoes (Guadeloupe archipelago, FWI): Contribution to the Lesser Antilles Arc construction rates and magma production

DEM-based reconstruction of southern Basse-Terre volcanoes (Guadeloupe archipelago, FWI): Contribution to the Lesser Antilles Arc construction rates and magma production

Fracture‐related wavefield polarization and seismic anisotropy across the Greendale Fault

Faulting in Banks Peninsula: tectonic setting and structural controls for late Miocene intraplate volcanism, New Zealand

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