Lytic Activity of Polyvalent Staphylococcal Bacteriophage PhiSA012 and Its Endolysin Lys-PhiSA012 Against Antibiotic-Resistant Staphylococcal Clinical Isolates From Canine Skin Infection Sites

Nakamura, Tomohiro; Kitana, Junya; Fujiki, Jumpei; Takase, Masayuki; Iyori, Keita; Simoike, Kenta; Iwano, Hidetomo

doi:10.3389/fmed.2020.00234

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…To address the issues associated with the current S. pseudintermedius phages, two recent independent studies have explored the potential use of lytic Staphylococcus aureus phages with broad host ranges against S. pseudintermedius isolates [ 128 , 130 ]. Results from both studies showed that while the S. aureus phages tested (ɸSA039 and phiSA012) did possess a broad host range, able to infect S. aureus, S. pseudintermedius, S. schleiferi and CoNS, they both showed only weak to moderate infectivity towards S. pseudintermedius [ 128 , 130 ]. Therefore, further work is required to determine if the lytic activity of lytic S. aureus phages is sufficient enough to exploit their use in treating S. pseudintermedius canine infections.…”

Section: Current and Future Treatment Options For Staphymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Endolysins act to hydrolyse the peptidoglycan layer of the bacterial host from within, resulting in the destruction of the cell wall and the release of phage progeny, to infect neighbouring target cells and continue the phage life cycle [ 132 ]. One study expressed and purified the lysin (Lys-phiSA012) from the previously mentioned phiSA012 phage, which had somewhat weak activity against S. pseudintermedius , whereas its endolysins, Lys-phiSA012, had clear lytic activity toward the S. pseudintermedius isolates [ 130 ]. Similarly, a secondary study also expressed and purified endolysins from another Staphylococcal phage ( Staphylococcus phage K); the endolysins showed lytic activity against the various Staphylococci strains obtained from canine pyoderma lesions [ 133 ].…”

Section: Current and Future Treatment Options For Staphymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Complex Diseases of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in Canines: Where to Next?

Lynch

Helbig

2021

Veterinary Sciences

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Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is a pathogenic bacterium of concern within the veterinary sector and is involved in numerous infections in canines, including topical infections such as canine pyoderma and otitis externa, as well as systemic infections within the urinary, respiratory and reproductive tract. The high prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) within such infections is a growing concern. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the involvement of S. pseudintermedius in canine disease pathology to gain better insight into novel treatment avenues. Here, we review the literature focused on S. pseudintermedius infection in multiple anatomic locations in dogs and the role of MRSP in treatment outcomes at these niches. Multiple novel treatment avenues for MRSP have been pioneered in recent years and these are discussed with a specific focus on vaccines and phage therapy as potential therapeutic options. Whilst both undertakings are in their infancy, phage therapy is versatile and has shown high success in both animal and human medical use. It is clear that further research is required to combat the growing problems associated with MRSP in canines.

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Section: Current and Future Treatment Options For Staphymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Current and Future Treatment Options For Staphymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Complex Diseases of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in Canines: Where to Next?

Lynch

Helbig

2021

Veterinary Sciences

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“… Nakamura et al (2020) investigated the action of both phage phiSA012 and its lysin Lys-phiSA012 against multidrug-resistant staphylococcal isolates of canine origin. While the ability of the phage to lyse the staphylococcal isolates was not significant, the lytic activity of the lysin was far more impressive.…”

Section: Phage Lysinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Phage- and Bacteriocin-Based Therapies in Combatting Nosocomial MRSA Infections

Walsh

Johnson

Hill

et al. 2021

Front. Mol. Biosci.

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Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen commonly found in nosocomial environments where infections can easily spread - especially given the reduced immune response of patients and large overlap between personnel in charge of their care. Although antibiotics are available to treat nosocomial infections, the increased occurrence of antibiotic resistance has rendered many treatments ineffective. Such is the case for methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA), which has continued to be a threat to public health since its emergence. For this reason, alternative treatment technologies utilizing antimicrobials such as bacteriocins, bacteriophages (phages) and phage endolysins are being developed. These antimicrobials provide an advantage over antibiotics in that many have narrow inhibition spectra, enabling treatments to be selected based on the target (pathogenic) bacterium while allowing for survival of commensal bacteria and thus avoiding collateral damage to the microbiome. Bacterial resistance to these treatments occurs less frequently than with antibiotics, particularly in circumstances where combinatory antimicrobial therapies are used. Phage therapy has been well established in Eastern Europe as an effective treatment against bacterial infections. While there are no Randomized Clinical Trials (RCTs) to our knowledge examining phage treatment of S. aureus infections that have completed all trial phases, numerous clinical trials are underway, and several commercial phage preparations are currently available to treat S. aureus infections. Bacteriocins have primarily been used in the food industry for bio-preservation applications. However, the idea of repurposing bacteriocins for human health is an attractive one considering their efficacy against many bacterial pathogens. There are concerns about the ability of bacteriocins to survive the gastrointestinal tract given their proteinaceous nature, however, this obstacle may be overcome by altering the administration route of the therapy through encapsulation, or by bioengineering protease-resistant variants. Obstacles such as enzymatic digestion are less of an issue for topical/local administration, for example, application to the surface of the skin. Bacteriocins have also shown impressive synergistic effects when used in conjunction with other antimicrobials, including antibiotics, which may allow antibiotic-based therapies to be used more sparingly with less resistance development. This review provides an updated account of known bacteriocins, phages and phage endolysins which have demonstrated an impressive ability to kill S. aureus strains. In particular, examples of antimicrobials with the ability to target MRSA strains and their subsequent use in a clinical setting are outlined.

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“…To this end, many regulatory authorities across the globe have ensured stringent evaluation and validation of new manufacture serological assays for COVID-19. Although there are a lot of platforms for serological testing, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), lateral-flow antibody assays (LFAs), bead-based assays based on Luminex technology, and automated serology platforms, most of the tests being evaluated across a number of African countries are based on LFAs [35,36]. This could be attributed to the fact that most countries in Sub-Saharan African have experience utilizing rapid diagnostic tests LFA devices for HIV and malaria, hence making LFAs the most preferred [37].…”

Section: Evaluation and Validation Of Rapid Diagnostic Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid, Cheap, and Effective COVID-19 Diagnostics for Africa

et al. 2021

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Background: Although comprehensive public health measures such as mass quarantine have been taken internationally, this has generally been ineffective, leading to a high infection and mortality rate. Despite the fact that the COVID-19 pandemic has been downgraded to epidemic status in many countries, the real number of infections is unknown, particularly in low-income countries. However, precision shielding is used in COVID-19 management, and requires estimates of mass infection in key groups. As a result, rapid tests for the virus could be a useful screening tool for asymptomatic virus shedders who are about to come into contact with sensitive groups. In Africa and other low- and middle-income countries there is high rate of COVID-19 under-diagnosis, due to the high cost of molecular assays. Exploring alternate assays to the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for COVID-19 diagnosis is highly warranted. Aim: This review explored the feasibility of using alternate molecular, rapid antigen, and serological diagnostic assays to accurately and precisely diagnose COVID-19 in African populations, and to mitigate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RT-PCR diagnostic challenges in Africa. Method: We reviewed publications from internet sources and searched for appropriate documents available in English. This included Medline, Google Scholar, and Ajol. We included primary literature and some review articles that presented knowledge on the current trends on SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics in Africa and globally. Results: Based on our analysis, we highlight the utility of four different alternatives to RT-PCR. These include two isothermal nucleic acid amplification assays (loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA)), rapid antigen testing, and antibody testing for tackling difficulties posed by SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing in Africa. Conclusion: The economic burden associated COVID-19 mass testing by RT-PCR will be difficult for low-income nations to meet. We provide evidence for the utility and deployment of these alternate testing methods in Africa and other LMICs.

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Lytic Activity of Polyvalent Staphylococcal Bacteriophage PhiSA012 and Its Endolysin Lys-PhiSA012 Against Antibiotic-Resistant Staphylococcal Clinical Isolates From Canine Skin Infection Sites

Cited by 20 publications

References 51 publications

The Complex Diseases of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in Canines: Where to Next?

The Complex Diseases of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in Canines: Where to Next?

Efficacy of Phage- and Bacteriocin-Based Therapies in Combatting Nosocomial MRSA Infections

Rapid, Cheap, and Effective COVID-19 Diagnostics for Africa

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