2016
DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8527
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Lysyl oxidase family activity promotes resistance of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma to chemotherapy by limiting the intratumoral anticancer drug distribution

Abstract: Solid tumors often display chemotherapy resistance. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the archetype of resistant tumors as current chemotherapies are inefficient. The tumor stroma and extracellular matrix (ECM) are key contributors to PDAC aggressiveness and to limiting the efficacy of chemotherapy. Lysyl oxidase (LOX) family members mediate collagen cross-linking and thus promote ECM stiffening. Our data demonstrate increased LOX, LOXL1, and LOXL2 expression in PDAC, and that the level of fibrillar c… Show more

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Cited by 64 publications
(63 citation statements)
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References 39 publications
(44 reference statements)
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“…Thus, the increased expression of ECM proteins in tumor biopsies could be from both cancer cells and stromal cells known to be present in tumors. Several studies have shown that cancer-associated fibroblasts and macrophages synthesise increased levels of ECM proteins and these ECM proteins are associated with poor prognosis and chemoresistance in several cancer types [ 18 , 79 , 105 , 106 , 107 , 108 , 109 , 110 , 111 , 112 ]. Our data is in agreement with these recent studies illustrating the important role the ECM plays in the tumor microenvironment and in chemoresistance.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Thus, the increased expression of ECM proteins in tumor biopsies could be from both cancer cells and stromal cells known to be present in tumors. Several studies have shown that cancer-associated fibroblasts and macrophages synthesise increased levels of ECM proteins and these ECM proteins are associated with poor prognosis and chemoresistance in several cancer types [ 18 , 79 , 105 , 106 , 107 , 108 , 109 , 110 , 111 , 112 ]. Our data is in agreement with these recent studies illustrating the important role the ECM plays in the tumor microenvironment and in chemoresistance.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In addition, supply-limiting effects were observed in systems—MCTS and non-vascularized metastases—in which vascular effects can be excluded. In contrast, Le Calve et al reported a strong increase in vascular collapse after LOXL2 application, which they considered causal for reduced drug supply and response [ 18 ]. The fact that they applied LOXL2 by systemic injection rather than by ectopic overexpression in situ might explain why their results are in conflict with other findings.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For example, it has been shown that the high water content of hyaluronan-rich pancrease tumors creates a high interstitial pressure, interfering with drug distribution [ 16 , 17 ]. Likewise, high fibrillar collagen deposition might lead to vascular collapse subsequently obstructing drug supply [ 18 ]. Finally, the distribution of therapeutic antibodies is strongly restricted by the ECM [ 2 , 19 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…MRP-1 and P-gp, located at the membrane of cancer cells, could pump chemotherapeutic drugs out via endoergic reaction ( 40 , 41 ). Recent study has demonstrated that LOXL2 can inhibit the diffusion of gemcitabine in the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) ( 42 ). Survivin ( 43 ), Livin ( 44 ) and Bcl-2 could enhance the anti-apoptosis of cancer cells, while in contrast Bax can promote apoptosis.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%