Lysogeny in Lactic Streptococci Producing and Not Producing Nisin

Kozak, Witold; Rajchert-Trzpil, M; Zajdel, Jolanta; Dobrzanski, W.T.

doi:10.1128/aem.25.2.305-308.1973

Cited by 26 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 1 publication

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…As early as 1949, Reiter (22) demonstrated that some strains of lactic streptococci were lysogenic. Subsequent reports (6,12,14,16) have confirmed the existence of lysogenic lactic streptococci. Park and McKay (19) recently reported that nine of twelve commercial dairy starter cultures used in the United States contained phage-harboring strains.…”

mentioning

confidence: 87%

Incidence and properties of temperate bacteriophages induced from lactic streptococci

Huggins¹,

Sandine²

1977

Appl Environ Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sixty-three strains of lactic streptococci isolated from commercial lactic streptococcal starter cultures were examined for lysogeny by treatment with ultraviolet light or mitomycin C. After treatment with the inducing agent, all strains, whether or not they lysed, were examined for evidence of phage release by electron microscopy. Thirty-eight strains yielded intact phages or phage particles of varying morphology. All the temperate phages had isometric heads and noncontractile tails; some had collars and structurally distinctive baseplates. Indicator host strains were found for phages induced from seven different strains. Three strains that released phages spontaneously yielded titers of 103 to 104 plaque-forming units per ml. When strains that spontaneously released phages were grown in mixed culture with indicator strains, increased phage titers of 106 to 107 plaque-forming units per ml were observed. These findings indicate that lysogenic lactic streptococcal strains may serve as a reservoir for phages that attack sensitive strains in mixedor multiple-strain lactic starter cultures.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 87%

Incidence and properties of temperate bacteriophages induced from lactic streptococci

Huggins¹,

Sandine²

1977

Appl Environ Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Reports in the literature reveal that more than 300 strains of L, lactis ssp. lactis and cremoris have been found to be lysogens [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. The general conclusion that can be reached from these studies is that lysogeny is widespread in cheese starter strains and that multilysogenic strains also occur [15,21,22].…”

Section: Lactococcusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Latent periods for the induction of temperate phages are usually between 1 and 4 h [8,9,19,26]. Shorter latent periods have been observed when the phage infects its indicator strain [8]. Lack of data on the molecular biology of the life cycle is one of the major deficiencies in our knowledge of temperate phage infecting lactic acid bacteria.…”

Section: Temperate Phage Life Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another problem that could arise from using lysogenic starter strains is spontaneous induction giving rise to phage that infect a sensitive strain in a mixed starter culture [13,64]. Clearly from the point of view of avoiding this situation it is unwise to use a mixed starter culture that contains a lysogen and its indicator strain; spontaneous induction is not impossible and has been observed in some cases [8,10,13,18,19]. The difficulty experienced in many laboratories in identifying indicator strains for temperate phages has led some workers to conclude that they are rare and that this situation arises infrequently in industry [4].…”

Section: Industrial Significance Of Lysog-enymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Temperate bacteriophages and lysogeny in lactic acid bacteria

Davidson

Powell

Hillier

1990

FEMS Microbiology Letters

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lysogeny is widespread in the lactic acid bacteria. The majority of lysogens can be induced by UV irradiation or treatment with mitomycin C, but indicator strains which allow lytic growth of the induced phage are often not easy to identify. A few temperate phages have been shown to transduce chromosomal and/or plasmid markers. Information about the molecular biology of the temperate phages from lactic acid bacteria is sparse and needs significant supplementation in order that these potentially valuable phages might be utilized more efficiently as tools for improving existing starter strains in dairy fermentations.

show abstract

“…Some lysogenic strains have also been found in groups G (3) and H (11). Very recently lysogeny was demonstrated in strains of group N streptococci designated as Streptococcus lactis (7, 9) and S. diacetilactis (7), although lysogeny was not found in S. cremoris (7). Lysogeny in the S. cremoris strains of group N lactic streptococci, used as starters in cheesemaking, has been suspected for some years (4,5,12,14), but in no case has the presumed lysogeny been rigorously demonstrated.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lysogenic Strains of Group N Lactic Streptococci

Lowrie

1974

Applied Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A temperate bacteriophage, designated rlt, was inducible from the group N lactic streptococcus, Streptococcus cremoris R,, by ultraviolet irradiation or mitomycin C treatment. Induced lysates produced plaques on lawns of three closely related S. cremoris strains, AM1, SK11, and US3. Strain SK11 was readily lysogenized. S. cremoris AM1 was the most reliable indicator strain, although the age of the culture used for seeding plates was critical. Zones of lysis but no plaque formation were observed on lawns of nine additional S. cremoris strains. Phage r1t could not be detected in filtrates of stationary-phase R, cultures and was near the limits of detection in logarithmically growing cultures. Phage levels were still very low (1 plaque-forming unit on AM1 per 10 induced cells) in induced lysates of R1 cultures. These low levels of detectable phage may be attributable to an inadequate indicator, lysogenization of the indicator, adsorption of induced phage to cellular debris, concurrent induction of other undetectable phages, or the production of high proportions of defective phages. Electron micrographs of induced R, lysates revealed a high incidence of incomplete phage particles, fragments, and ghosts. MATERIALS AND METHODS Streptococcal strains. All of the cultures used in this study were cheese starter strains of S. lactis and S. cremoris from the collection of the New Zealand Dairy Research Institute. Bacteriophages. Temperate bacteriophage, designated rlt, was isolated from UV-induced lysates of S. cremoris R1. The virulent bacteriophages, rlv (NZDRI 652), am, (NZDRI 601), and sk,, (NZDRI 690), were drawn from the New Zealand Dairy Research Institute collection. Media and growth of cultures. M16 broth and M16 agar were prepared as previously described (8). Streptococci were grown routinely at 22 or 30 C, without shaking, in M16 broth from a 2% inoculum of an overnight (22 C, 16 h) broth culture. Optical density. Optical density (OD) of cultures was measured in a Bausch and Lomb Spectronic 20 colorimeter. An OD value of 0.2 at 580 nm represented approximately 108 colony-forming units (CFU)/ml. Colony counts. Samples were first diluted with 210

show abstract

Lysogeny in Lactic Streptococci Producing and Not Producing Nisin

Cited by 26 publications

References 1 publication

Incidence and properties of temperate bacteriophages induced from lactic streptococci

Incidence and properties of temperate bacteriophages induced from lactic streptococci

Temperate bacteriophages and lysogeny in lactic acid bacteria

Lysogenic Strains of Group N Lactic Streptococci

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About