Lysine Requirements of Pre-lay Broiler Breeder Pullets: Determination by Indicator Amino Acid Oxidation

Abstract

The indicator amino acid oxidation (IAAO) method allows the determination of amino acid requirements under conditions of low growth rate as found in pre-laying broiler breeder pullets. Cobb 500 breeder pullets (20 wk old; 2290 +/- 280 g, n = 4) were adapted (6 d) to a pelleted, purified control diet containing all nutrients at >or=110% of NRC recommendations. After recovery from surgery for implantation of a jugular catheter, each bird was fed, in random order, test diets containing one of nine levels of lysine (0.48, 0.96, 1.92, 2.88, 3.84, 4.80, 7.68, 9.60 and 14.40 g/kg of diet). Indicator oxidation was determined during 4-h primed (74 kBq/kg body), constant infusions (44 kBq x h(-1). kg body(-1)) of L-[1-(14)C]phenylalanine. Using the breakpoint of a one-slope broken-line model, the lysine requirement was determined to be 4.88 +/- 0.96 g/kg of diet or 366 +/- 72 mg x hen(-1) x d(-1) with an upper 95% CI of 6.40 g/kg of diet or 480 mg x hen(-1) x d(-1). IAAO allows determination of individual bird amino acid requirements for specific ages and types of birds over short periods of time and enables more accurate broiler breeder pullet diet formulation.

Estimate of the variability of the lysine requirement of growing pigs using the indicator amino acid oxidation technique1

“…This method is suitable to use with all dietary indispensable AA. these factors, differences in individual requirements have been shown in humans (Zello et al, 1993;Kriengsinyos et al, 2002) and poultry (Coleman et al, 2003). The importance of variability between individual animals was recognized (Lucas, 1960), but the lack of estimates of variation in pigs has been regretted (Pomar et al, 2003).…”

“…Testing six or seven dietary AA levels within an individual growing animal would require at least 2 mo, so the requirement would change substantially during the experiment. The indicator AA oxidation (IAAO) technique, which was developed in pigs (Kim et al, 1983;Ball and Bayley, 1984), has been widely used to determine AA requirements in pigs and humans (Brunton et al, 1998;Pencharz and Ball, 2003) and poultry (Coleman et al, 2003), although the IAAO requires specialized equipment and expensive material. The IAAO allows measurements to be made after an adaptation period of 2 d (Moehn et al, 2004b), so that sufficient levels of AA intake can be tested in a 2-wk experiment without the animal changing its physiological state.…”

Short-term determination and long-term evaluation of the dietary methionine requirement in adult dogs

“…Our study estimated the requirements of methionine (delivered as a free amino acid) in adult dogs based on availability of Phe for protein synthesis rather than detecting health consequences over a long-term feeding period. While the IAAO approach has been deployed as a reliable and minimally invasive method of determining amino acid requirements in humans and livestock (20)(21)(22)(23) , the mean value alone cannot provide the basis for a minimal requirement, as it only secures 50 % of the population. However, data from this acute study were used to inform the methionine inclusion studied in the long-term feeding trial to provide additional certainty around the adequacy of the revised feeding levels.…”

“…The indicator AA oxidation (IAAO) method enables an estimation of the absolute requirement for essential AA. It has been developed as a reliable and minimally invasive method of determining AA requirements in humans and livestock (20)(21)(22)(23) . The technique is based upon the following principles: AA cannot be stored and must be either incorporated into protein, used to generate AA derivatives or be oxidised.…”

An estimate of the methionine requirement and its variability in growing pigs using the indicator amino acid oxidation technique1

“…Testing 6 or 7 dietary AA levels within an individual growing animal would require at least 2 mo so that the requirement would change substantially during the experiment. The indicator AA oxidation technique (IAAO), which was developed in pigs (Kim and Bayley, 1983), has been widely used to determine AA requirements in pigs and humans (Brunton et al, 1998;Pencharz and Ball, 2003) and poultry (Coleman et al, 2003), although the IAAO requires specialized equipment and expensive material, such as isotope and equipment for oxidation studies and analyses. The IAAO allows measurements to be made after an adaptation period of 2 d (Moehn et al, 2004) so that sufficient AA intake can be tested in a 2-wk experiment without the animal changing its physiological state.…”