Lysine requirements of healthy adult Indian subjects, measured by an indicator amino acid balance technique

Kurpad, Anura V; Raj, Tony; El-Khoury, Antoine E.; Beaumier, Louis; Kuriyan, Rebecca; Srivatsa, Abhinash; Borgonha, Sudhir; Selvaraj, Ambalini; Regan, Meredith M.; Young, Vernon R.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/73.5.900

Cited by 59 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In this study, the inflection point of the decreasing speed of force-time curve was calculated statistically to distinguish between a marked decreasing phase and an almost steady state phase. Many researchers (Kurpad et al, 2001;Lee et al, 1990;Soler et al, 1989) have proposed a method to examine the inflection point (break point) statistically by applying a two-phase regression model to time series data that can assume two phases. The inflection point was the time at which the decreasing speed of force exertion remarkably changed, and it was calculated statistically from two regression lines fitted to each decreasing phase by applying this model.…”

Section: Force-time Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examination of the Reproducibility of Grip Force and Muscle Oxygenation Kinetics on Maximal Repeated Rhythmic Grip Exertion

Nakada

Demura

Yamaji

et al. 2005

J. Physiol. Anthropol.

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The contribution of physiological mechanisms involving force-exertion value during maximal repeated rhythmic muscle contraction work changes over time. The purpose of this study was to examine the reproducibility of grip force and muscle oxygenation kinetics with a decrease of the gripping force during maximal repeated rhythmic grip (RRG). Subjects were 10 males, aged 20-26 years (height 173.9Ϯ7.3 cm, body weight 71.5Ϯ11.2 kg). Each subject performed maximal repeated rhythmic grip as a target value with a target frequency of 30 grips · min Ϫ1 for 6 min. The trialto-trial reproducibility of Oxygenated haemoglobin (Oxy-Hb), Deoxygenated haemoglobin (Deoxy-Hb), Total haemoglobin (Total Hb) and grip force during the RRG (6 min) was very high (r xy ϭ0.919-0.966) and the decreasing pattern of the force-time curve was consistent. The cross correlation coefficients of the grip force (r xy ϭ0.985) and muscle oxygenation kinetics (Total Hb: 0.996, Oxy-Hb: 0.992, DeoxyHb: 0.995) in the pre-inflection phase (marked force decreasing phase) were very high, while these coefficients in the post-inflection phase (almost steady state phase) were low as compared with those in the pre-inflection phase. The trialto-trial reliabilities of any parameter regarding grip were fair or high (ICCϭ0.686-0.927). The changing points of muscle oxygenation kinetics appeared before reaching an almost steady state, which showed a high reliability and they were considered to reflect the shift of physiological mechanisms. In particular, the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for the time to reach maximum Deoxy-Hb and Oxy-Hb values and regression coefficient in an increasing phase of Oxy-Hb were very high (ICCϭ0.894-0.947). It was found that the trial-totrial reproducibility of grip force and muscle oxygenation kinetics is very high during the whole 6 min in RRG, but is poor during the post-inflection phase. The reproducibility of the grip force and muscle oxygenation kinetics in the phase before reaching an almost steady state during RRG is fair, and the decrease of the grip force in this phase may be influenced by the muscle oxygenation kinetics.

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Section: Force-time Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examination of the Reproducibility of Grip Force and Muscle Oxygenation Kinetics on Maximal Repeated Rhythmic Grip Exertion

Nakada

Demura

Yamaji

et al. 2005

J. Physiol. Anthropol.

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“…The risk of lysine inadequacy is high where low socioeconomic groups depend on wheat for their protein supply (1), but experimental evidence of the nutritional benefits of increasing the lysine content of wheat flour is limited (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). This study, which was a part of a larger wheat fortification trial, was based on a hypothesis that fortification of a lysine inadequate diet in poor communities may reduce anxiety and improve stress response, thereby potentially improving the quality of life.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lysine fortification reduces anxiety and lessens stress in family members in economically weak communities in Northwest Syria

Smriga

Ghosh

Mouneimne

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Lysine is a limiting amino acid in diets based on wheat as the staple. In experimental animals, prolonged dietary lysine inadequacy increases stress-induced anxiety. If observed in humans, such a result would have a strong implication for the relationship between nutrition and communal quality of life and mental health. As part of a 3-month randomized double-blind study, we tested whether lysine fortification of wheat reduces anxiety and stress response in family members in poor Syrian communities consuming wheat as a staple food. In the lysine-fortified group, the plasma cortisol response to the blood drawing as a cause of stress was reduced in females, as was sympathetic arousal in males as measured by skin conductance. Lysine fortification also significantly reduced chronic anxiety as measured by the trait anxiety inventory in males. These results suggest that some stress responses in economically weak populations consuming cereal-based diets can be improved with lysine fortification.

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“…In infancy, inadequate protein (based on animal studies) would be expected to affect growth of lean mass and length/ height, and in adults, functional studies such as those measuring glutathione homeostasis are relevant (Jackson et al, 2004). We have shown that muscle strength declines with low levels of lysine intake, and is improved when generous intakes of lysine are eaten over a longer period (3 weeks and 8 weeks, Kurpad et al, 2002;Unni et al, 2012). In addition, recent evidence on lower plasma amino acid levels in undernourished children is also indicative of the role amino acids may play in growth (Semba et al, 2016).…”

Section: Amino Acid Requirementmentioning

confidence: 87%

Recommended Dietary Allowances- Facts and Uncertainties

Kurpad¹

2016

Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy

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For the purpose of evaluating diets of individuals and populations, the nutrient requirements were defined. Over the years, recommendations across several countries have evolved. In India the ICMR report has a single value for a particular population group while in other countries up to 4 values have been reported. Currently the commonly used definitions are for the average nutrient requirements, recommended nutrient intake or dietary allowances and the upper nutrient/tolerable upper limit. Using these requirement constructs, not only can the risk of inadequate intakes be calculated (using the probability approach) but the risk for excessive intakes that cross upper limit can also be determined. With the increase in consumption of packaged foods and fortification, there needs to be clarity on the upper limit of nutrients, particularly those that are stored in the body (e.g. iron), to prevent toxicity.Uncertainties regarding specific requirements and controversies still prevail. This is because the measurement of the daily requirement is very difficult when accurate measurements are to be made in controlled conditions or under various physiological states. These typically are measured as that intake which balances daily losses. Equally, robust nutrient intake data is also required to compute the risk of deficiency or excess.

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Lysine requirements of healthy adult Indian subjects, measured by an indicator amino acid balance technique

Abstract: We propose a mean lysine requirement of 30 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) for healthy Indian adults, which is the same amount we proposed previously for Western populations.

Cited by 59 publications

References 34 publications

Examination of the Reproducibility of Grip Force and Muscle Oxygenation Kinetics on Maximal Repeated Rhythmic Grip Exertion

Examination of the Reproducibility of Grip Force and Muscle Oxygenation Kinetics on Maximal Repeated Rhythmic Grip Exertion

Lysine fortification reduces anxiety and lessens stress in family members in economically weak communities in Northwest Syria

Recommended Dietary Allowances- Facts and Uncertainties

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