Lysine-methionine-threonine interactions in growth and development of Mimulus cardinalis seedlings

Henke, Randolph R.; Wilson, Kenneth G.; McClure, Jerry W.; Treick, Ronald W.

doi:10.1007/bf00390857

Cited by 28 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The purity and identity of MACC was confirmed by paper chromatography, melting point, and GC-MS; ACC assay (14) revealed that it contained 0.05% of free ACC. This amount of contaminated ACC was insignificant to account for the marked increase in ACC levels shown in Figure 2 and Tables II and III (12), and the radioactivity of the effluents and eluates was determined individually with a scintillation counter.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1970 Bryan et al (6) aspartokinase from multicellular plants and demonstrated feedback inhibition as well. The effect of L+T was demonstrated in rice tissue culture (8), in barley (4), in Mimulus seedlings (12), in maize tissue culture (10), and in carrot suspension cultures (7,15). More recently, maize plants were recovered from L+T selections and progeny showed elevated threonine levels (13).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Increased Lysine and Seed Storage Protein in Rice Plants Recovered from Calli Selected with Inhibitory Levels of Lysine plus Threonine and S-(2-Aminoethyl)cysteine

Schaeffer¹,

Sharpe²

1987

Plant Physiol.

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Experiments were designed to test whether variation in percent lysine in seed proteins could be recovered in plants regenerated from callus subjected to inhibitory levels of lysine plus threonine. Anther-derived callus was subjected to I millimolar lysine plus threonine for three successive passages and then once to the same concentration of S42-aminoethyl)cysteine. Plants were regenerated from the resistant callus. Plants recovered directly from tissue culture were normal in color, size and were 50% or less fertile. Second and third generation plants produced a wide range of variants including albinos, deep green plants both short and tall, and totally fertile as well as partially fertile plants. All The most advanced in vitro techniques among the major cereal crops exist in rice, Oryza sativa. Rice plants were recovered from anther-derived callus of an indica subspecies cultured three times in the presence of 2 mm AEC (24). Plants recovered from AEC selected cells had increased protein and lysine over the controls (24,26). Even though substantial infertility was induced by the in vitro procedures in rice, segregants with normal seed set from both selfed and crossed progeny had increased seed protein as well as lysine (26, 28).The experiments described here were designed to recover cells resistant to inhibitory levels of L+T and AEC from antherderived calli. Another purpose was to characterize the progeny of these regenerated plants, and determine if regenerated plants and selfed progeny expressed the phenotype corresponding to the selection pressure applied in vitro. There are no previous examples of the recovery and characterization of rice plants from cells resistant to inhibitory levels of L+T. MATERIALS AND METHODSAnther-derived calli of rice, Oryza sativa, were subjected to inhibitory levels of L+T followed by AEC. Plants were regenerated and selfed, progeny were characterized for levels of seed storage proteins and percent lysine in the proteins. The plants were also evaluated for overall morphology.Source. Cell selections were done with the cultivar Calrose 76, subspecies japonica (21). The genotype is widely used as a commercial cultivar and as a source for rice breeding, as well as

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Lysine and Seed Storage Protein in Rice Plants Recovered from Calli Selected with Inhibitory Levels of Lysine plus Threonine and S-(2-Aminoethyl)cysteine

Schaeffer¹,

Sharpe²

1987

Plant Physiol.

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“…In addition, amino acids from unrelated pathways can rescue the plant growth by giving general growth stimulus or reactivating the targeted enzyme in the case of end product of competitive pathways. Active amino acids for plant growth inhibition and plant growth rescue are dependent on the plant species, the plant developmental stage and concentration of application (Henke et al, 1974) and therefore, the development of this strategy for weed management systems requires the determination of which amino acids and concentrations are efficacious against the targeted weed species and whether the inhibition is reversible by other amino acids potentially present in the soil (Sands and Pilgeram, 2009). Properly implemented this strategy assumes low toxicity for plants other than the targeted weed and low persistence in the soil through microbial metabolization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Amino Acids As Herbicides for Control of Orobanche minor Parasitism in Red Clover

Fernández‐Aparicio

Bernard²,

Falchetto³

et al. 2017

Front. Plant Sci.

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Certain amino acids induce inhibitory effects in plant growth due to feedback inhibition of metabolic pathways. The inhibition patterns depend on plant species and the plant developmental stage. Those amino acids with inhibitory action on specific weeds could be utilized as herbicides, however, their use for weed control has not been put into practice. Orobanche minor is a weed that parasitizes red clover. O. minor germination is stimulated by clover root exudates. The subsequent seedling is an obligated parasite that must attach quickly to the clover root to withdraw its nutrients. Early development of O. minor is vulnerable to amino acid inhibition and therefore, a series of in vitro, rhizotron, and field experiments were conducted to investigate the potential of amino acids to inhibit O. minor parasitism. In in vitro experiments it was found that among a collection of 20 protein amino acids, lysine, methionine and tryptophan strongly interfere with O. minor early development. Field research confirmed their inhibitory effect but revealed that methionine was more effective than lysine and tryptophan, and that two successive methionine applications at 308 and 543 growing degree days inhibited O. minor emergence in red clover up to 67%. We investigated additional effects with potential to influence the practical use of amino acids against broomrape weeds, whether the herbicidal effect may be reversible by other amino acids exuded by host plants or may be amplified by inducing host resistance barriers against O. minor penetration. This paper suggests that amino acids may have the potential to be integrated into biorational programs of broomrape management.

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“…Stimulation of growth and an increase in the per cent aminoacylation of methionyl-tRNA by methionine has also been demonstrated (33). Administration ofmethionine (0.25 to 0.5 mM) to other higher plants (e.g., Lemna, Zea, Hordeum) has been shown to be toxic (12,14,36 (Tables V-VII), storage protein methionine on a unit protein basis was greater in methionine-supplemented cotyledons than in immature seeds (<400 mg) because the ratio of Il S to 7S proteins was greater in supplemented cotyledons (Table II).…”

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confidence: 98%

Effects of Exogenous Methionine on Storage Protein Composition of Soybean Cotyledons Cultured In Vitro

Holowach

Thompson²,

Madison³

1984

Plant Physiol.

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ABSTRAC1Supplemental methionine in a complete culture medium increased the methionine content of the protein fraction of cultured soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) cotyledons (Thompson, Madison, Muenster 1981 Phytochemistry 20: 941-945). To explain the observed increase in protein methionine, we have measured the amounts and subunit compositions of 7S and 11S storage proteins and determined the amino acid compositions of the three major protein fractions (2-5S, 7S, 11S) of seeds developed on plants and of cultured cotyledons grown in the presence or absence of supplemental L-methionine. Development of cultured cotyledons was representative of development of seeds on plants. The ratios of 11S to 7S proteins, the subunit contents, and amino acid compositions of their storage protein fractions were similar, but not identical. Supplemental methionine increased the mole percent methionine in each of the three protein fractions of cultured cotyledons and changed the amounts of several other amino acids. Supplemental methionine inhibited expression of the 7S a-subunit gene. Concomitant with the absence of the a-subunit, which contains no methionine, was an increase in the ratio of 11S to 7S proteins, and an increase in the methionine content of the subunits composing these fractions. Inhibition of 6-subunit gene expression by methionine in cultured cotyledons provides a reproducible, easily controlled system for the study of eucaryotic gene expression.Soybean seed proteins lack sufficient quantities ofsulfur amino acids to satisfactorily meet the dietary requirements of some monogastric animals. In this respect, soybeans are typical legume seeds. Soybeans, however, accumulate about twice as much protein in their seeds as other legumes, and up to four times as much protein as grain seeds. The nutritional quality of soybean and other legume seeds could be improved by raising the sulfurcontaining amino acid content of their proteins (37). Since the 7S and Il S storage protein fractions constitute about 70% of total seed protein, they have been the focus of efforts to raise protein methionine content. The soybean 7S fraction consists of three major subunits, the a'-, a-, and a-subunits. (29,31) In vitro experiments were designed so that sets of 5 to 46 cotyledon pairs were subjected to control and experimental treatments. Individual seeds were divided so that one-half was placed in complete medium lacking methionine, and the other half in complete medium containing 8.4 mm L-methionine.Rates of growth and protein accumulation were variable in seeds grown on plants. Seeds matured more slowly in the winter than in the summer. Maturity was therefore measured by increments of seed fresh weight, which was found to be a more consistent measure of the time course of development than days after flowering (13,18

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Lysine-methionine-threonine interactions in growth and development of Mimulus cardinalis seedlings

Cited by 28 publications

References 20 publications

Increased Lysine and Seed Storage Protein in Rice Plants Recovered from Calli Selected with Inhibitory Levels of Lysine plus Threonine and S-(2-Aminoethyl)cysteine

Increased Lysine and Seed Storage Protein in Rice Plants Recovered from Calli Selected with Inhibitory Levels of Lysine plus Threonine and S-(2-Aminoethyl)cysteine

Investigation of Amino Acids As Herbicides for Control of Orobanche minor Parasitism in Red Clover

Effects of Exogenous Methionine on Storage Protein Composition of Soybean Cotyledons Cultured In Vitro

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