Lysine and Methionine Supplementation of All-Vegetable Diets for Human Adults

Hegsted, D. M.; Trulson, Martha F.; White, Hilda S.; White, Philip L.; Vinas, E; Alvistur, Enrique; Diaz, C P; Vásquez, Juan; Loo, A. Van der; Roca, Amalia; Collazos, Carlos; Ruiz, A Santos

doi:10.1093/jn/56.4.555

Cited by 20 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…':l'he data in Tables 4 to 7 suggest that a 100-g portion of fresh green leafy vegetables will supply 2 to 3 g of protein (protein nitrogen X 6.25), seemingly a small quantity but high enough in lysine content to effect considerable improvement in the efficiency of cereal proteins (13). Block and Mitchell (5) have reported the following amounts of lysine (gjl6gN) for several crops: Leafy vegetables, 5.7; Maize, 2.0; Rice, 3.2; Wheat, 2.7.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Yields and Composition of Eight Tropical Leafy Vegetables Grown at Two Soil Fertility Levels¹

Schmidt¹

1971

Agronomy Journal

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Tropical leafy vegetables including Amaranthus cruentus L., Basella alba L., Brassica chinensis L., Brassica aleracea var. acephala D.C., Corchorus olitorius L., Ipomoea aquatica Forsk, Solanum melanocerasum Allioni, and Talinum triangulare Willd. were grown on plots of medium and high soil fertility at Akure, Nigeria. Average dry matter yields of edible leaves from medium and highfertility soils, respectively, were 1,970 and 3,339 kg/ha from 70 days' growth in 1966, and 2,839 and 5,133 kg from 120 days' growth in 1967. Amaranthus cruentus was the highest‐yielding species, in 1966 producing 3,473 kg/ha, compared to an average of 2,383 kg from Brassica chinensis, Corchorus, Solatium, and Talinum. Amaranthus, Basella, and Solatium were most responsive to high fertility. The Brassica spp. and Ipomoea produced relatively high yields with medium fertility. The dry matter of the leaves averaged approximately 5% total N, about three‐fourths of this being protein N. Solanum with 5.9% and Ipomoea with 5.4% had the highest total N contents. Leaves from the high‐fertility soil averaged 5.4% total N compared to 4.5% for leaves from medium fertility. Calcium contents ranged from 2,045 mg / 100 g dry matter in Amaranthus to 412 mg in Ipomoea. Basella had the highest iron content with 50 mg / 100 g dry matter compared to an average of 34 mg for the other seven species. Leaves from the medium‐ fertility plots contained an average of 22% more iron than those grown on high‐fertility plots. Relationships of the nutrient contents of leafy vegetables to the diets of people in southern Nigeria are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Yields and Composition of Eight Tropical Leafy Vegetables Grown at Two Soil Fertility Levels¹

Schmidt¹

1971

Agronomy Journal

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“…Major sources of essential AAs include eggs, white fish, seaweed, and bananas . The amount and ratio of essential AAs which are supplied in the diet of human determines the biological value of proteins and particular importance is placed upon the concentration of sulfur containing AAs, i.e., methionine .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulation and characterization of food grade water‐in‐oil emulsions encapsulating mixture of essential amino acids

Bhatti

Khalid

Uemura

et al. 2016

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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The present study was conducted to study the encapsulation properties of a mixture of four amino acids (AAs) in the disperse phase of water‐in‐oil (W/O) emulsions. Four different AAs (methionine, lysine, threonine, and tryptophan) at 1% (w/w) each AA concentration was used in dispersed phase, while the continuous phase constitutes vegetable oils with 5% (w/w) tetraglycerin monolaurate condensed ricinoleic acid esters as an emulsifier. The optimized conditions include homogenization at 7000 rpm for 5 min using soybean oil as a continuous phase medium. The average droplet diameter of the W/O emulsions ranged between 4 and 5 μm with a coefficient of variation between 20 and 23%. The W/O emulsions were found to be stable over a period of 30 days at 4°C with slight phase separation at 25°C after 30 days of storage. The W/O emulsions retain about 10.5 mg/mL (encapsulation efficiency 79.8%) of amino acids after 30 days of storage at 4 and 25°C. The methionine and lysine have encapsulation efficiency of over 80% in comparison to threonine (79%) and tryptophan (60%) after 30 days of storage at 4 and 25°C. Practical applications: Multiple studies have emphasized the benefits to human health of including amino acids in the diet and as special nutrient formula for sport persons. For this reason, the study was proposed to formulate a stable emulsion system that could later be able to formulate high energy food or energy drinks. The optimization of formulation parameters is necessary for industrial production and the methodology pointed in this research is far easily to apply and helps in designing new nutraceuticals and functional foods. Successful encapsulation of mixture of amino acids (methionine, lysine, threonine, and tryptophan) at (4% (w/w)) in the W/O emulsions. The W/O emulsions have encapsulation efficiency over 70% after 1 month of storage.

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Untersuchungen zum Lysinstoffwechsel bei S�uglingen

Schreier

1959

Z. Kinder-Heilk.

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Lysine and Methionine Supplementation of All-Vegetable Diets for Human Adults

Cited by 20 publications

References 10 publications

Comparative Yields and Composition of Eight Tropical Leafy Vegetables Grown at Two Soil Fertility Levels¹

Comparative Yields and Composition of Eight Tropical Leafy Vegetables Grown at Two Soil Fertility Levels¹

Formulation and characterization of food grade water‐in‐oil emulsions encapsulating mixture of essential amino acids

Untersuchungen zum Lysinstoffwechsel bei S�uglingen

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Lysine and Methionine Supplementation of All-Vegetable Diets for Human Adults

Cited by 20 publications

References 10 publications

Comparative Yields and Composition of Eight Tropical Leafy Vegetables Grown at Two Soil Fertility Levels1

Comparative Yields and Composition of Eight Tropical Leafy Vegetables Grown at Two Soil Fertility Levels1

Formulation and characterization of food grade water‐in‐oil emulsions encapsulating mixture of essential amino acids

Untersuchungen zum Lysinstoffwechsel bei S�uglingen

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Comparative Yields and Composition of Eight Tropical Leafy Vegetables Grown at Two Soil Fertility Levels¹

Comparative Yields and Composition of Eight Tropical Leafy Vegetables Grown at Two Soil Fertility Levels¹