Lymphoid neoplasia in the koala

Connolly, Joanne; Canfield, P. J.; Hemsley, Susan; Spencer, Alison

doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.1998.tb12337.x

Cited by 22 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…The ability of GALV and SSV to cause neoplasia in their host species has been demonstrated in both natural (28,54,56) and experimental infections (12,29). In view of the relatively high prevalence of hematopoietic neoplasia and related diseases in koalas (4,11,61) and anecdotal evidence for lymphoid neoplasia epizootics in captive koala colonies, it is reasonable to suspect a pathogenic role for KoRV. However, KoRV was detected in all diseased and healthy koalas tested and appears to be endogenous.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lymphoid malignancy is a relatively common disease of both free-living and captive koalas (11,55), and its clinical similarity to retrovirus-associated disease in other mammals has been noted (7,24). The ability of GALV and SSV to cause neoplasia in their host species has been demonstrated in both natural (28,54,56) and experimental infections (12,29).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mortality surveys of wild koalas indicate that these diseases account for around 3 to 5% of deaths in free-living koalas in the survey areas of New South Wales and southern Queensland (2,7,11,24,39,55). However, anecdotal evidence from fauna parks in southeast Queensland suggests that up to 80% of mortalities in captive koalas may be attributable to lymphoma and a variety of leukemias (J. J. Hanger, unpublished data).…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Nucleotide Sequence of Koala ( Phascolarctos cinereus ) Retrovirus: a Novel Type C Endogenous Virus Related to Gibbon Ape Leukemia Virus

Hanger¹,

Bromham

McKee³

et al. 2000

J Virol

193

271

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A novel retrovirus, morphologically consistent with mammalian C-type retroviruses, was detected by electron microscopy in mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures from 163 koalas and in lymphoma tissue from 3 koalas. PCR amplified provirus from the blood and tissues of 17 wild and captive koalas, and reverse transcriptase-PCR demonstrated viral mRNA, viral genomic RNA, and reverse transcriptase activity in koala serum and cell culture supernatants. Comparison of viral sequences derived from genomic DNA and mRNA showed identity indicative of a single retroviral species-here designated koala retrovirus (KoRV). Southern blot analysis of koala tissue genomic DNA using labelled KoRV probes demonstrated banding consistent with an endogenous retrovirus. Complete and apparently truncated proviruses were detected in DNA of both clinically normal koalas and those with hematopoietic disease. KoRV-related viruses were not detected in other marsupials, and phylogenetic analysis showed that KoRV paradoxically clusters with gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV). The strong similarity between GALV and KoRV suggests that these viruses are closely related and that recent cross-host transmission has occurred. The complete proviral DNA sequence of KoRV is reported.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Nucleotide Sequence of Koala ( Phascolarctos cinereus ) Retrovirus: a Novel Type C Endogenous Virus Related to Gibbon Ape Leukemia Virus

Hanger¹,

Bromham

McKee³

et al. 2000

J Virol

193

271

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“…CD3, CD5, and CD79b were used in the previous study [4,5]. However, the effectiveness of the markers Oct-2, kappa light chains, CD138, and PAX5 has not been demonstrated in koalas.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Since 1961, various authors have reported isolated cases of spontaneous lymphoid neoplasia in both captive and free-ranging koalas [1,5,6]. The previous study described that the 19 of the 51 lymphoma cases were extranodal lymphomas likely originated from stomach, intestine, spleen, liver, brain, lungs, and conjunctiva [5].…”

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confidence: 99%

Perivertebral B-Cell Lymphoma in a Queensland Koala (<i>Phascolarctos cinereus adustus</i>) with Paralytic Symptoms in the Hind Limbs

Kido

Edamura

Inoue

et al. 2012

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. A male Queensland koala (Phascolarctos cinereus adustus) at Kanazawa Zoological Gardens (Kanagawa, Japan) exhibited paralytic symptoms in the hind limbs. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a mass on the left ventral side of the 11th to 13th thoracic vertebrae, and the presence of myelitis or edema in the spinal cord. The koala was under anesthesia during the examination and suddenly developed ventricular fibrillation and died. Necropsy revealed a firm flat ovoid hemorrhagic mass on the vertebrae. Following a microscopic examination including immunohistochemistry, the perivertebral mass was diagnosed as B cell lymphoma. Therefore, neoplastic cell infiltration into the spinal cord may cause paralytic symptoms in the hind limbs. At Kanazawa Zoological Gardens (Kanagawa, Japan), a male Queensland koala (Phascolarctos cinereus adustus) aged 10 years and 10 months and weighing 7.0 kg exhibited paralytic symptoms in both hind limbs, and the limb muscles were completely flaccid. Complete blood cell count and the serum biochemical values were within the reference range [2]. Neurological examination revealed absence of postural (proprioception, placing, and hopping) and sensation reactions (deep pain) in both hind limbs. Spinal reflexes, cranial nervous system, and neurological examination of the front limbs were normal. Radiographs were taken under manual restraint and revealed the normal skeletal structure.The koala was transferred to Nihon University Animal Medical Center (Kanagawa, Japan) for CT (Aquilion 16; Toshiba Medical Systems Co., Tochigi, Japan) and MRI (EXCELART Vantage; Toshiba Medical Systems Co.) examinations because spinal cord disease was considered. Anesthesia was induced (by mask) and maintained by inhalation of 1.5% isoflurane (Doubutsuyou Isofururan; Mylan Pharmaceutical Co., Tokyo, Japan) in oxygen at 2.0 l/min. CT revealed the presence of a mass on the left ventral side, extending from the 11th to 13th thoracic vertebrae. The spinal cord lesion was not revealed by CT examination (Fig. 1a). T1-weighted (TR=600 msec, TE=15 msec), contrast T1-weighted (TR=600 msec, TE=15 msec) by gadoteridol (ProHance; Eisai Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) at 0.2 ml/kg, T2-weighted (TR=4,000 msec, TE=120 msec), and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) (TR=8,000 msec, TE=109 msec) images confirmed the CT finding of a perivertebral mass. The mass had a slightly heterogeneous intensity, with a partially hyperintense signal on transverse contrast T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and FLAIR images (Fig. 1b-e). Although the spinal cord exhibited semioval hyperintense areas on transverse contrast T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and FLAIR images, displacement of the spinal cord was not observed. The spinal cord also exhibited hyperintense areas on sagittal contrast T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and FLAIR images (Fig. 2). The koala suddenly developed ventricular fibrillation and died due to suppression of the cardiovascular system. Anesthetic depth was not maintained at a suitable level during the MRI examinat...

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An Examination of the Development and Localization of Key Immune Cells in Developing Pouch Young of the Red‐Tailed Phascogale (Phascogale calura)

Borthwick

Young

Old

2019

The Anatomical Record

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Cells expressing the surface markers CD3, CD4, CD79b, IgM, MHC class II, and ModoUG (nonclassical MHC class I) were detected in red-tailed phascogale tissues using immunohistochemistry, and the appearance and localization of cells observed here was consistent with previous observations in other marsupial species. CD3 + cells were first detected at one day postpartum (dpp) in the thymus, followed by ModoUG + cells at 5-7 dpp in the thymus and lymph nodes. CD79b + cells were first detected at 12-14 dpp in bone marrow, spleen, and lymph nodes. IgM + cells were first detected at 12-14 dpp in thymus, bone marrow, spleen, and lymph nodes. MHC class II + cells were first detected at 12-14 dpp in thymus, bone marrow, and lymph nodes. CD4 + cells were detected in adult thymus and spleen only. The presence of the mature immune cell populations and their localization to characteristic T and B cell zones in mature lymphoid tissues with normal histological structure indicates that red-tailed phascogales develop immunocompetence by the end of pouch life.

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Lymphoid neoplasia in the koala

Cited by 22 publications

References 13 publications

The Nucleotide Sequence of Koala ( Phascolarctos cinereus ) Retrovirus: a Novel Type C Endogenous Virus Related to Gibbon Ape Leukemia Virus

The Nucleotide Sequence of Koala ( Phascolarctos cinereus ) Retrovirus: a Novel Type C Endogenous Virus Related to Gibbon Ape Leukemia Virus

Perivertebral B-Cell Lymphoma in a Queensland Koala (<i>Phascolarctos cinereus adustus</i>) with Paralytic Symptoms in the Hind Limbs

An Examination of the Development and Localization of Key Immune Cells in Developing Pouch Young of the Red‐Tailed Phascogale (Phascogale calura)

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