Lymphogranuloma Venereum Prevalence in Sweden among Men Who Have Sex with Men and Characterization of<i>Chlamydia trachomatis ompA</i>Genotypes

Klint, Markus; Löfdahl, Margareta; Ek, Carolina; Airell, Åsa; Berglund, Torsten; Herrmann, Björn

doi:10.1128/jcm.00574-06

Cited by 53 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…This fact could support the hypothesis proposed by some authors of the existence of an ongoing unrecognised endemic disease among MSM for at least 20 years rather than a new outbreak [45,46]. However, other countries have not confirmed the retrospective detection of undiagnosed cases in stored samples [8,39,47].…”

Section: Epidemiologysupporting

confidence: 63%

“…Some patients were pauci-symptomatic or asymptomatic, up to 40% in the Dutch series, but other studies have failed to demonstrate a significant reservoir of asymptomatic or urethral infection in MSM or in the general population [2,39,40,50,51]. On the other hand, the absence of the classical clinical features of LGV have also conditioned a delay in the diagnosis and treatment in the current outbreak as evidenced by the large number of cases diagnosed retrospectively, allowing ongoing transmission [5,8,11,43,46].…”

Section: Clinical Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

“…MSM have not been confirmed to be a reservoir of LGV and the high rate of HIV co-infection probably reflects the confounding effect of HIV as a surrogate marker of highrisk behaviour; nevertheless, a potential effect of HIV infection increasing the susceptibility to infection or facilitating the expression of the disease cannot be ruled out [2,[39][40][41].…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lymphogranuloma venereum proctocolitis: a silent endemic disease in men who have sex with men in industrialised countries

Martín-Iguacel

Llibre

Nielsen

et al. 2010

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

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Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by serovars L1-L3 of Chlamydia trachomatis. Rare in the western world prior to 2003, different outbreaks or clusters of LGV have been reported in Europe, North America and Australia among men who have sex with men (MSM) over the past few years. The majority were HIV infected MSM with high-risk sexual behaviour and a high rate of concomitant STD, including hepatitis C. Most of them presented with a proctitis syndrome and only a few with the classical bubonic form. A previously non-described serovar, L2b, has been identified as the main causative agent of the epidemic. A delay in diagnosis has been the rule because of the misleading symptomatology of LGV proctitis, the unfamiliarity of the disease to physicians, and the lack of a routine diagnostic test for LGV serovars. It is crucial to increase the awareness of the disease among physicians for prompt diagnosis and treatment, to avoid complications, and to stop ongoing transmission. It has additional public health implications since LGV may facilitate the transmission and acquisition of HIV and other STD.

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Section: Epidemiologysupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Clinical Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lymphogranuloma venereum proctocolitis: a silent endemic disease in men who have sex with men in industrialised countries

Martín-Iguacel

Llibre

Nielsen

et al. 2010

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

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“…Since commercial NAATs for CT detection do not allow differentiation between serovars or the identification of LGV, many laboratories have set up in-house methods, even in the absence of US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clearance or Conformit e Europ eene (CE) marking (Klint et al, 2006;Jalal et al, 2007;Stevens et al, 2010;Korhonen et al, 2012). As reviewed by Pedersen et al (2009) and Xia & Xiong (2014), many molecular methods, mainly based on omp1 or pmpH gene amplification and characterization, are nowadays available, showing different performances in terms of sensitivity, specificity and ability in the detection of mixed infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlamydia trachomatis infection prevalence and serovar distribution in a high-density urban area in the north of Italy

Foschi

Nardini

Banzola

et al. 2016

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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The aim of this study was to assess Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection prevalence and serovar distribution in a high-density urban area in the north of Italy, by comparing different groups of subjects divided on the basis of the type of care provider they referred to (STI Clinic, gynaecologists or general practitioners). From January 2011 to May 2014, all the specimens submitted to the Microbiology Laboratory of St Orsola Hospital in Bologna for CT detection were tested by PCR assay. For positive specimens, molecular genotyping based on RFLP analysis was performed. Total prevalence of CT infection was 8.1 %, with significant differences between subgroups (P<0.01) but stable during the study period. The STI Clinic was mainly responsible for CT diagnosis, whereas the lowest infection prevalence was detected in gynaecological clinics, despite the high number of tests performed. Extra-genital samples were almost exclusively collected from males at the STI Clinic. Interestingly, 13.3 % of patients providing extra-genital specimens were positive for CT on rectal and/or pharyngeal swabs, and 4.4 % of cases would have been missed if extra-genital sites had not been tested. The most common serovar was E, and serovar distribution was influenced by gender (P<0.01), age (P<0.01), care provider (P=0.01) and anatomical site (P<0.01). The L2 serovar was detected only in extragenital samples from males at the STI Clinic. Knowledge about care providers' contributions in CT testing and diagnosis is essential for infection control. CT typing is crucial for appropriate management of specific infections, such as lymphogranuloma venereum in extra-genital samples of high-risk populations.

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“…Mixed infections are also prevalent in populations with a high propensity for acquiring STDs (108,111,(130)(131)(132)(133). Moreover, opportunities for intrabiovar recombination events are abundant in coinfections of the rectal mucosa with LGV and noninvasive urogenital strains, such as those from serotypes D, G, J, E, F, and K, that also infect the rectum (134)(135)(136)(137)(138)(139). Alternatively, several reports suggest that chlamydial species might persist in humans as commensals of the lower gastrointestinal tract (reviewed in reference 140), which could provide fertile grounds for inter-and intrabiovar exchange of DNA.…”

Section: Evidence Of Lgt Events Among Chlamydia Clinical Isolatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emancipating Chlamydia: Advances in the Genetic Manipulation of a Recalcitrant Intracellular Pathogen

Bastidas

Valdivia

2016

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

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SUMMARYChlamydiaspecies infect millions of individuals worldwide and are important etiological agents of sexually transmitted disease, infertility, and blinding trachoma. Historically, the genetic intractability of this intracellular pathogen has hindered the molecular dissection of virulence factors contributing to its pathogenesis. The obligate intracellular life cycle ofChlamydiaand restrictions on the use of antibiotics as selectable markers have impeded the development of molecular tools to genetically manipulate these pathogens. However, recent developments in the field have resulted in significant gains in our ability to alter the genome ofChlamydia, which will expedite the elucidation of virulence mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the challenges affecting the development of molecular genetic tools forChlamydiaand the work that laid the foundation for recent advancements in the genetic analysis of this recalcitrant pathogen.

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Lymphogranuloma Venereum Prevalence in Sweden among Men Who Have Sex with Men and Characterization ofChlamydia trachomatis ompAGenotypes

Abstract: An outbreak of lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) infections has recently been reported from

Cited by 53 publications

References 42 publications

Lymphogranuloma venereum proctocolitis: a silent endemic disease in men who have sex with men in industrialised countries

Lymphogranuloma venereum proctocolitis: a silent endemic disease in men who have sex with men in industrialised countries

Chlamydia trachomatis infection prevalence and serovar distribution in a high-density urban area in the north of Italy

Emancipating Chlamydia: Advances in the Genetic Manipulation of a Recalcitrant Intracellular Pathogen

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