Lymphatic Vessels in the Healthy Human Dental Pulp

Marchetti, Carla; Poggi, Paola; Calligaro, Alberto; Casasco, Andrea

doi:10.1159/000147078

Cited by 22 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…LYMPHATIC VESSELS Recent electron microscopic (Bishop and Malhotra, 1990;Marchetti et al, 1991Marchetti et al, , 1992 and histochemical (Aoyama et al, 1995) investigations have indicated the existence of lymphatic vessels in the pulp. It is thereby reasonable to assume that the pulp is provided by the ordinary route for DCs to migrate into regional lymph nodes, where they can stimulate naYve T-lymphocytes.…”

Section: Lack Of Epithelium and Mast Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune Defense Mechanisms of the Dental Pulp

Jontell

Okiji

Dahlgren

et al. 1998

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

204

169

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Defense reactions of the dentin/pulp complex involve a variety of biological systems, in which the immune system plays a pivotal role. The knowledge of the organization and function of pulpal immunocompetent cells has been sparse, but in recent years a significant body of information of immune mechanisms in general has provided a footing for substantial new knowledge of the immune mechanisms of the dental pulp. The identification of pulpal dendritic cells (DCs) has generated research activities which have led to a concept of how an antigenic challenge may evoke a pulpal inflammatory response. Although DCs are not able to identify foreign antigens specifically, they provide necessary signals to activate T-lymphocytes which in turn will orchestrate other immunocompetent cells to mount the local immune defense of the dental pulp. The purpose of this review is to accent the organization and function of pulpal DCs and other tissue and cellular components and to provide a basis for how they may interact to instigate pulpal defense mechanisms.

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Section: Lack Of Epithelium and Mast Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune Defense Mechanisms of the Dental Pulp

Jontell

Okiji

Dahlgren

et al. 1998

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

204

169

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Such structures, which have already been described for the lymphatic walls of other organs [Marchetti et al. 1987;Marchetti et al, in press] could play, together with micropinocytotic vesi-cles. an important part in lymph formation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Lymphatic Vessels in the Developing Diaphragm of the Rat

Poggi

Marchetti²,

Calligaro³

et al. 1991

Cells Tissues Organs

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Diaphragms of fetal, neonatal and young albino rats have been observed both under light and electron microscopes to examine the presence and distribution of lymphatic vessels and their morphological features. In fetal diaphragms of between 18 and 22 days of gestation, no normal lymphatic vessels can be seen; only after birth, specifically in neonatal and 2-day-old rats, small lymphatic vessels appear; they are in close proximity to the blood vessels in the inner areas of the muscle. As the rats get older, lymphatic vessels are also observed in the subserosa where an abundant connective tissue is present. The fine structure of diaphragmatic lymphatic vessels is different at different ages. In neonatal rats of up to 2 days, the endothelial wall is very thin and often holed. The relationships between contiguous endothelial cells are characterized by simple end-to-end or overlapping structures. The basement membrane is virtually absent. Within the first week of life, the endothelial wall becomes more complex; along the wall, complex interdigitations between two contiguous endothelial cells often touch. A discontinuous basement membrane and collagen and elastic fibers surround the vessels. In the older rats (from 14 to 25 to 140 days) next to the complex interdigitations which characterize the junction between two contiguous endothelial cells, cellular flaps interdigitate forming a channel which opens out either to the exterior or the interior of the vessel. Dense bundles of elastic and collagen fibers are closely apposed to the endothelial wall.

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“…The small number of reliable findings can be accounted for by technical difficulties. It was not until the introduction of electron microscopy and of immuno-and enzyme- histochemical procedures that a safe method to prove the existence of a lymphatic system in the dental pulp was discovered (Marchetti et al, 1991;Matsumoto et al, 1997;Sawa et al, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ensuing search for lymphatic vessels in the dental pulp can be traced back to 1882 (Bödecker, 1882) and has repeatedly been the subject of histological examinations with some controversial findings (Frank et al, 1977;Gä ngler and Mönch, 1980;Isokawa, 1960;Noyes, 1927;Riedel et al, 1966). As a result of more recent studies (Bernick, 1977;Bishop and Malhotra, 1990;Marchetti et al, 1991Marchetti et al, ., 1992Matsumoto et al, 1997;Sawa et al, 1998), the existence of a lymphatic system in the pulp has been established, but the exact functioning of lymphatic drainage within the dental pulp remains unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Lymph drainage in the human dental pulp

Oehmke¹,

Knolle²,

Oehmke³

2003

Microscopy Res & Technique

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We investigated which structural components are responsible for maintaining interstitial fluid equilibrium in the pulpal tissue, for which the existence of an effective lymph drainage is postulated. There have been only a small number of investigations on pulpal lymph tissue. Therefore, we decided to perform a detailed structural analysis. Twenty vital, healthy teeth that had to be extracted for orthodontic reasons were immersed in Patent Blue for 10 to 15 minutes after opening the pulpal cavity. They were then extracted and the dental pulps were opened by cleavage of the surrounding hard tooth structure. Subsequently, the specimens were prepared for light and electron microscopic investigation. A clear blue ring of stain was detected by light microscopy in Weil's zone in the coronal region of the pulp, the cell-rarefied layer surrounded by the odontoblasts. No dye deposition was observed in the apical part. However, using transmission electron microscopy, capillary structures with typical morphological characteristics of lymphatic vessels were found apically. The coronal part of the pulp did not reveal any such vascular structures. It may be concluded from these findings that the lymph in the coronal region is collected in interstitial tissue clefts and drained towards the apex, whence it is further transported via lymph capillaries.

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Lymphatic Vessels in the Healthy Human Dental Pulp

Cited by 22 publications

References 4 publications

Immune Defense Mechanisms of the Dental Pulp

Immune Defense Mechanisms of the Dental Pulp

Lymphatic Vessels in the Developing Diaphragm of the Rat

Lymph drainage in the human dental pulp

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