Lymphatic pathways from the intestine in the dog

Abstract

As early as 1653 Rudbeck pointed out that the thoracic duct may divide in the thorax and send branches to the right side of the neck. Lee ('22) presented an excellent review of previous work with the thoracic duct and supplied evidence in cats of lymphatico-venous connections which were demonstrable after ligation of this vessel. Since biochemists had been unable to account for all of previously ingested fat from the cannulated thoracic duct (Munk, 1880 ; Bloor, '16), Lee suggested that collateral lymphatic vessels might be responsible for the disposal of the missing portion of the fat removed from the intestine. After unsuccessful attempts to recover the missing fraction of absorbed fat, Eckstein ('25) and Brockett, Spiers, and Himwicli ( '35) concluded that more attention should be directed to possible lymphatico-venous communications other than the left thoracic duct which was used for the collection of chyle in their experiments. Blalock and his associates ('37) were able to obtain complete lpmphatic blockage in only three of fiftv-two dogs, although they used a wide variety of methods to attain this end. Right lymphatic ducts containing chylous material were observed during studies on the adaptive value of absorption of fat into the lymphatics (,Johnson and Freeman, '38).In view of the paucity of information concerning the courses which lymph may follow in passing from the intestine to the blood stream in the dog, it was felt that routine anatomical study of this system would prove valuable in determining the adequacy of methods based on the collection of lymph from the left thoracic duct as a measure of total lymph transfer 543

Lymphatico‐venous anastomosis after obstruction of abdominal lymphatics and lymphatic drainage of the prostate in canines

“…T h e existence of the lymphatico-venous anastomosis has been arp;ued but is supported now by many -_ _ investigators (Freeman, 1942;Pressman et 1964;Fig. 5.…”

“…Lymphatico-venous tebra. The contrast media were visualized mainlv around the veranastomosis has been reported to be Present under normal or abnormal conditions (Freeman, 1942;Rodtebra (arrow heads) and in the spinal canal (a'rrow), but some material entered the muscle tissues around the column ( x 3). lymphatics was visualized to flow into the vertebral venous system, and then into the bone marrow of the lumbar vertebral body.…”

Long-Term Catheterization of the Thoracic Duct in the Dog

“…Three anatomic features of the thoracic duct (TD) are pertinent to its successful catheterization: (1) occurrence of multiple communicating collateral branches (Col) near its termination; (2) Cephalad to the diaphragm, the main thoracic duct gives off several collateral branches (Fig 1-3 (Fig 2 and 3). The In our study, all dogs had a single bifurcation (Fig 1-3 (Fig 5) to facili¬ tate the initial passage through the valve system of the thoracic duct.…”

Sur La Nature Des Communications Lymphatico-Veineuses Prévertébrales De Frautschi

“…Cette con clusion s'accorde avec l'opinion générale. Néanmoins, il est nécessaire d'insister sur ce fait, car les recherches de Job [1918], Lee [1922], Blalock, Robinson, Cunningham et Gray [1937], Freeman [1942] et d'autres auteurs, ont m ontré que de telles anastomoses peuvent exis ter chez des anim aux, tels que le chien, le chat et le rat. Les résultats d'expériences physiologiques sur l'écoulement de la lym phe dans des circonstances anormales (ligature du canal thoracique, etc.…”