Lymphatic drainage patterns and experimental filariasis in dogs

Schacher, John F.; Sulahian, Annie

doi:10.1080/00034983.1972.11686819

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The published images in the third study do appear consistent with the location of the superficial inguinal node. Drainage from the popliteal lymph node to the superficial inguinal lymph node appears infrequent to rare based on the findings in this study and previousstudies …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Direct lymphangiography, which involves injection of contrast material into a lymph node or lymphatic vessel, has been used in previous studies for the purpose of thoracic duct assessment, assessment of nonpalpable nodes for the presence of malignant or inflammatory disease and for evaluation of blockage of lymphatics . Indirect lymphangiography, or injection of contrast into tissues, has successfully demonstrated the lymphatic drainage patterns of the canine mammary glands .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radiographic lymphangiographyin the dog using iodized oil

Mayer

Silver

Lowe

et al. 2012

Vet Comparative Oncology

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The objective of this study was to develop a clinically applicable technique to visualize the medial retropharyngeal, superficial cervical, axillary, superficial inguinal and medial iliac lymph nodes on radiographs. Direct and indirect lymphangiographic methods using iodized oil were repeated for a minimum of five times at eight different locations to enhance the various lymph nodes, using 16 healthy research dogs. Direct lymphangiography, although more invasive than indirect lymphangiography, resulted in uniform contrast uptake by an increased number of nodes and increased enhancement of the lymphatic vasculature, and is recommended for imaging the medial iliac and superficial cervical lymph nodes. Side effects were more frequent after indirect lymphangiography (10/20 injection sites) than after direct lymphangiography (3/16 injection sites). The small size of afferent lymphatic vessels did not allow use of direct lymphangiography for the medial retropharyngeal, axillary and superficial inguinal lymph nodes; however, indirect techniques allowed adequate visualization of these nodes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiographic lymphangiographyin the dog using iodized oil

Mayer

Silver

Lowe

et al. 2012

Vet Comparative Oncology

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“…At the time in the late 1960s, the main laboratory hosts used for filarial species were primates, domestic dogs, and domestic cats; and filariasis research was limited to relatively few labs in Japan, Malaysia, the United Kingdom, and the US. [8]–[11]. The discovery of gerbil susceptibility to both Brugia species by Ash and Riley [1], [2], and the subsequent development of the intraperitoneal route of infection by McCall [5], had a tremendous impact on lymphatic filariasis research worldwide, and made possible the vast number of studies that have clarified our understanding of the biology, pathogenesis, and chemotherapy of filarial infections of humans and other animals.…”

Section: History Of the Fr3 And Its Parasite Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The NIH-NIAID Filariasis Research Reagent Resource Center

et al. 2011

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Filarial worms cause a variety of tropical diseases in humans; however, they are difficult to study because they have complex life cycles that require arthropod intermediate hosts and mammalian definitive hosts. Research efforts in industrialized countries are further complicated by the fact that some filarial nematodes that cause disease in humans are restricted in host specificity to humans alone. This potentially makes the commitment to research difficult, expensive, and restrictive. Over 40 years ago, the United States National Institutes of Health–National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIH-NIAID) established a resource from which investigators could obtain various filarial parasite species and life cycle stages without having to expend the effort and funds necessary to maintain the entire life cycles in their own laboratories. This centralized resource (The Filariasis Research Reagent Resource Center, or FR3) translated into cost savings to both NIH-NIAID and to principal investigators by freeing up personnel costs on grants and allowing investigators to divert more funds to targeted research goals. Many investigators, especially those new to the field of tropical medicine, are unaware of the scope of materials and support provided by the FR3. This review is intended to provide a short history of the contract, brief descriptions of the fiilarial species and molecular resources provided, and an estimate of the impact the resource has had on the research community, and describes some new additions and potential benefits the resource center might have for the ever-changing research interests of investigators.

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“…Lymph also drains to the popliteal lymph node from the tibia and fibula, the bones of the tarsal, metastarsal, and phalangeal regions, the tarsal and phalangeal joints, and muscles of the lower hind limb . Lymph nodes that receive efferent lymphatics from the popliteal lymph node have been reported to include the medial iliac lymph nodes, the superficial inguinal lymph nodes, the internal iliac lymph nodes, as well as the inconstant distal femoral and external iliac lymph nodes, when present . Staging of dogs with tumors characterized by lymph node metastasis, such as mast cell tumors and melanomas, includes assessment of regional lymph nodes .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The medial iliac lymph nodes receive efferent lymphatics from the popliteal lymph node in 100% of dogs . Efferent lymphatic vessels, most commonly two, leave the popliteal lymph node and follow the lateral saphenous vein as it passes medially and deeply to the semitendinosus and vastus lateralis muscles to terminate in the femoral vein at mid‐thigh level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency of an accessory popliteal efferent lymphatic pathway in dogs

Mayer

Sweet

Patsikas

et al. 2018

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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Staging and therapeutic planning for dogs with malignant disease in the popliteal lymph node are based on the expected patterns of lymphatic drainage from the lymph node. The medial iliac lymph nodes are known to receive efferent lymph from the popliteal lymph node; however, an accessory popliteal efferent pathway with direct connection to the sacral lymph nodes has also been less frequently reported. The primary objective of this prospective, anatomic study was to describe the frequency of various patterns of lymphatic drainage of the popliteal lymph node. With informed client consent, 50 adult dogs with no known disease of the lymphatic system underwent computed tomographic lymphography after ultrasound-guided, percutaneous injection of 350 mg/ml iohexol into a popliteal lymph node. In all 50 dogs, the popliteal lymph node drained directly to the ipsilateral medial iliac lymph node through multiple lymphatic vessels that coursed along the medial thigh. In 26% (13/50) of dogs, efferent vessels also drained from the popliteal lymph node directly to the internal iliac and/or sacral lymph nodes, coursing laterally through the gluteal region and passing over the dorsal aspect of the pelvis. Lymphatic connections between the right and left medial iliac and right and left internal iliac lymph nodes were found. Based on our findings, the internal iliac and sacral lymph nodes should be considered when staging or planning therapy for dogs with malignant disease in the popliteal lymph node.

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Lymphatic drainage patterns and experimental filariasis in dogs

Cited by 18 publications

References 11 publications

Radiographic lymphangiographyin the dog using iodized oil

Radiographic lymphangiographyin the dog using iodized oil

The NIH-NIAID Filariasis Research Reagent Resource Center

Frequency of an accessory popliteal efferent lymphatic pathway in dogs

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