“…Lymphatic collecting vessels exhibit rhythmic, fast phasic contractions that drive lymph flow largely as a consequence of generating the pressure stimuli necessary to open the downstream valve and expel the lymph into the next lymphangion. Additionally, lymphatic collecting vessels display lymphatic tonic contraction, and in some cases myogenic constriction ( Zawieja et al, 2018 ), which can also be modulated by lymph flow associated with local, neural, and humoral factors, including α-adrenergic agonist, prostaglandins, bradykinin, substance p ( Bridenbaugh et al, 2003 ; von der Weid and Zawieja, 2004 ; Muthuchamy and Zawieja, 2008 ; Russell et al, 2021 ). These factors modulate lymphatic collecting vessel tone and thus alter resistance to lymph flow to promote or impede lymph flow from the upstream lymphatic bed ( Davis et al, 2008 ; Dougherty et al, 2008 ; Muthuchamy and Zawieja, 2008 ; von der Weid and Muthuchamy, 2010 ; Davis et al, 2012 ).…”