Lymphangiosarcoma in Chronic Lymphoedema

Aygıt, A. Cemal; Yildirim, Alpagan Mustafa; Dervisoglu, S.

doi:10.1054/jhsb.1998.0049

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…When in excess, VEGF facilitates a diagnosis of pathologic neovascularization and increased vascular permeability, often in response to inflammation and hypoxia . VEGF expression has been reported in normal eyes in the retina, iris, and cornea, as well as on vascular endothelium . Neoplastic and normal endothelium expressed VEGF in this report.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…[51][52][53][54][55] VEGF expression has been reported in normal eyes in the retina, iris, and cornea, as well as on vascular endothelium. 49,51,52,[56][57][58] Neoplastic and normal endothelium expressed VEGF in this report. However, VEGF expression was not the focus of this study, and we did not differentiate between normal expression and overexpression from pathologic neovascularization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

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Presumed primary ocular lymphangiosarcoma with metastasis in a miniature horse

Gerding

Gilger

Montgomery

et al. 2015

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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A 7-year-old, 153.0-kg American Miniature mare presented for evaluation of keratoconjunctivitis of the right eye (OD). A superior palpebral conjunctival mass and stromal keratitis were diagnosed. The incisional biopsy diagnosis was a presumptive corneal hemangiosarcoma. Transpalpebral enucleation was performed, and histopathologic evaluation confirmed angiosarcoma of the conjunctiva, cornea, and extraocular muscles. The horse developed progressive epistaxis and orbital swelling following surgery. A systemic workup was performed 3 months after enucleation, revealing regrowth within the orbit and marked cranial cervical lymphomegaly, suggestive of metastasis. Humane euthanasia was performed, and necropsy confirmed a locally invasive periorbital tumor with metastasis to the submandibular tissue, submandibular lymph node, and thoracic inlet. Histopathologic evaluation of necropsy specimens revealed polygonal to spindle neoplastic cells lining neoplastic vascular channels lacking erythrocytes. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells labeled strongly positive for PROX-1, vimentin, CD-31, VEGF, weakly positive for factor VIII-related antigen, and negative for collagen IV. Based on the clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical features of this tumor, a primary ocular lymphangiosarcoma with metastasis was diagnosed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Presumed primary ocular lymphangiosarcoma with metastasis in a miniature horse

Gerding

Gilger

Montgomery

et al. 2015

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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“…It is a rare condition, and c‐STS is even more infrequent. The diagnosis is easier in the presence of infiltrative single or multiple nodular hardened areas associated with tumor, plaque, or macula . There is no usual dermatological presentation, as shown in this review.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…For initial evaluation, 35 articles were selected. When patients were selected for analysis, 29 articles met the criteria of inclusion, within which 44 patients were identified. Three articles presented multiple cases, and their cases were assessed separately.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The diagnosis is easier in the presence of infiltrative single or multiple nodular hardened areas associated with tumor, plaque, or macula. 1,2,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][15][16][17][19][20][21][23][24][25][27][28][29][30][31][32] There is no usual dermatological presentation, as shown in this review. Papules are associated with bullous erysipelas, but the presence of multicolored lesions should raise suspicion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unsuspected Stewart–Treves syndrome clinically mimicked by apparent bullous erysipelas and a systematic review of dermatological presentations of the classical Stewart–Treves syndrome

et al. 2018

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Background Stewart Treves–Syndrome (STS) was first characterized as angiosarcoma in the homolateral limb of a patient with breast cancer and lymphedema. Now, other conditions represent STS. It's a rare condition. The diagnosis is easier in the presence of single or multiple purple nodules. Even though other dermatological aspects have been reported, no study has grouped its characteristics. Aim Evaluate the dermatological characteristics of classical STS (c‐STS). Methods and Results We report a patient with chronic lymphedema with a history of recurrent erysipelas that rapidly developed multiple papules in the superior limb. It was initially diagnosed as bullous erysipelas, but unsatisfactory evolution led to biopsy, which demonstrated an unsuspected epithelioid angiosarcoma. We have also performed a review of dermatologic aspects of c‐STS using PubMed and Lilacs databases. PICTOS methodology and PRISMA flow chart were considered. The main dermatological aspects associated with c‐CTS were summarized. Using a systematic evaluation from 109 articles, 29 were selected and 44 patients were described to whom we added one case. The mean time with lymphedema was 10 years. Of the patients analyzed, 97.2% were female; 95.6% were submitted to radical mastectomy; 81.2% presented with multiple lesions, 67.4% of the lesions were reported as nodules or tumors, 53.4% were purple, 33.4% were associated with an ecchymotic halo, and 33.4% were ulcerated lesions. Conclusion When evaluating patients with chronic lymphedema with new dermatological abnormalities, clinical suspicion, or unfavorable evolution, the knowledge of clinical signs is important for diagnosis, and a biopsy must be considered. Papules associated with erythematous‐wine color and bluish hematoma aspect must raise clinical suspicion.

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Lymphatic versus blood vascular endothelial growth factors and receptors in humans

Partanen

Paavonen

2001

Microscopy Res & Technique

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Three different growth factor systems have been described acting via endothelial cell-specific receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). These are vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs), angiopoietins, and ephrins. Recent studies on gene targeting suggest that they play critical roles in embryonic development and contribute to the integrity and responses to environmental factors in the adult vasculature. Coagulation, inflammation, immune response regulation, vascular tone, stromal component synthesis, and angiogenesis are all dependent on the physiological and pathological events that affect endothelial cells in the heart, arteries, veins, and lymphatic vessels. Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from preexisting ones, takes place in adults only during hormonal control of female reproduction. All other activation of angiogenesis in adulthood occurs in response to injury or pathological processes such as tumorigenesis, diabetes, or inflammatory conditions. Insufficient growth of collateral vessels is a major problem in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Controlled stimulation of angiogenesis would be of therapeutic value. Lymphangiogenesis, the mechanisms involved in the development of lymphatic vessels, was studied intensively nearly a century ago, although since then it has been neglected, perhaps because, unlike the disorders of blood vessels, those of the lymphatic vessels are seldom life-threatening. Interrupting this one-way system can cause severe disorders, including liver dysfunction, genetic disease (e.g., Milroys disease), and degenerative disease (e.g., primary lymphangiosclerosis). Recently, novel growth factors, receptors, cell surface proteins, and transcription factors have been found which play a role in the lymphatic endothelium. These are VEGF-C, VEGF-D, VEGFR-3, LYVE-1, podoplanin, and Prox-1. Until recently lymphatic vessels have been difficult to study due to a lack of appropriate tools. Monoclonal antibodies raised against VEGFR-3 and against its ligands, VEGF-C and VEGF-D, have offered an insight into expression studies in tissues. In this review, we summarize the recent data on VEGFs in the human vasculature.

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Lymphangiosarcoma in Chronic Lymphoedema

Cited by 19 publications

References 13 publications

Presumed primary ocular lymphangiosarcoma with metastasis in a miniature horse

Presumed primary ocular lymphangiosarcoma with metastasis in a miniature horse

Unsuspected Stewart–Treves syndrome clinically mimicked by apparent bullous erysipelas and a systematic review of dermatological presentations of the classical Stewart–Treves syndrome

Lymphatic versus blood vascular endothelial growth factors and receptors in humans

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