Lymphangioleiomyomatosis diagnosed by effusion cytology: A case report

Abstract

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare lung disease traditionally affecting women during their childbearing years. It can be sporadic or be associated with tuberous sclerosis syndrome. It is usually manifested in the lungs, kidneys, and/or lymphatic system. It consists of an overgrowth of abnormal smooth muscle-like cells, usually along the bronchovascular structures, resulting in the formation of cysts and the destruction of the lung parenchyma. We present the case of a 43-year-old woman with a history of pleural effusion and dyspnea. A computed tomographic scan revealed a mediastinal mass, chylothorax, and multiple pulmonary cysts. A diagnosis of LAM was rendered on a pleural fluid sample.

Pregnancy unmasking symptoms of undiagnosed lymphangioleiomyomatosis: Case report and review of literature

“…Immunohistochemistry can show co-expression of myogenic and melanocytic markers like HMB-45, HMSA-1 and a-smooth muscle actin which were positive in our patient [ 25 ]. Cytology with pleural fluid study can aid in diagnosis when effusion is present but the sensitivity is unknown, but some cases reports were diagnosed through cytology studies of pleural effusions [ 26 ].…”