Lymphadenitis in cattle associated with Corynebacterium equi: A problem in bovine tuberculosis diagnosis

McKenzie, R. A.; Donald, B.

doi:10.1016/0021-9975(79)90005-7

Cited by 28 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…equi with lesions which are indistinguishable from tuberculosis either grossly or microscopically has been reported more fully by McKenzie and Donald (1979). These granulomas headed the list of alternative diagnoses in the report of Tammemagi et a/ (1973); however, the emergence of hydatid cysts, squamous cell carcinomas and abscesses as significant lesions accounting for misdiagnosis appears to be a relatively recent phenomenon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

THE DISTRIBUTION OF MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS IN QUEENSLAND CATTLE HERDS WITH OBSERVATIONS ON THE LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF TUBERCULOSIS

Rogers¹,

Donald²,

Schultz³

1980

Aust Veterinary J

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Of 1,791 tissues submitted from 1975 to 1978 for histological examination for tuberculosis, 78.5% were classified as tuberculosis, 8.1% as club-forming granulomas, 3.3% as hydatid cysts, 3.4% as other granulomas and 2.4% as squamous cell carcinomas. Cultural examination of 2,682 tissues for mycobacteria yielded Mycobacterium bovis from 42.88%, other mycobacteria from 7.64% and 0.89% Rhodococcus (Corynebacterium) equi. Of 1,478 tissues on which both examinations were performed, culture and histology results were in agreement on 94.1%. M. Bovis was isolated on one or more occasions from 564 herds with the highest herd prevalence being recorded in western areas of the state. Culture of 1,024 tissues from no visible lesion (NVL) reactors yielded 0.59% M. bovis, 15.04% other mycobacteria and 0.19% R. equi. Of 120 isolates of other mycobacteria from tissues of NVL reactors, 39 were Runyon Group III (20 M.avium complex) and 61 Runyon Group IV. Approximately half of the herds from which NVL tissues were collected were confirmed M. bovis infected properties.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

THE DISTRIBUTION OF MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS IN QUEENSLAND CATTLE HERDS WITH OBSERVATIONS ON THE LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF TUBERCULOSIS

Rogers¹,

Donald²,

Schultz³

1980

Aust Veterinary J

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“…R. equi is considered a soil micro-organism and is most o�en found in the surface of the soil on farms of horses (Barton and Hughes, 1980;Takai and Tsubaki, 1985;Presco�, 1991). The isolation of R. equi from the lymph nodes of ca�le is rare in contrast to its isolation from pigs (McKenzie and Donald, 1979;Dvorska et al, 1999b). The reduction in the numbers of horses in the Czech Republic to 20 700 in 1998 (O.I.E., 1999) and a high specialisation of herds of pigs in which all direct or indirect contact with horses and their excrement was eliminated did not lead in pigs to a disappearance of infection caused by R. equi (Table 2).…”

Section: Laboratory Examination Of the Tissues Samples Of Pigsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuberculous lesions in pigs in the Czech Republic in the years 1990-1999: occurrence, causal factors and economic losses

Pavlík¹,

Mátlová²,

Dvorská³

et al. 2003

Vet. Med. - Czech

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ABSTRACT:In the decade monitored a total of 45 873 318 pigs were slaughtered and examined according to veterinary hygiene standards. Apart from 1991, when results of tuberculous findings were not obtained, tuberculous lesions were found in 134 088 (0.32%) of the 41 458 565 pigs examined in the remaining nine years. During a detailed analysis of the pathological anatomical examination of 190 940 pigs slaughtered in one district, tuberculous lesions in lymph nodes were found in 4 107 (2.2%) pigs: mesenteric (65.3% pigs), submandibular (18.6% pigs), inguinal (0.1% pigs) and simultaneously intestinal and head lymph nodes (15.9% pigs). Miliary tuberculosis was found only in the parenchymatous organs of four (0.1%) pigs. The following financial losses resulted: 6% for confiscating the head, intestines and stomach, and from 22 to 24% for assessing meat as conditionally edible a�er processing, i.e. intended only for heat-processed products. Mycobacteria were isolated from 7 246 (41.8%) pigs through the cultivation of tissue samples from 17 326 pigs. Mycobacterium bovis was detected in only five (0.07%) animals which originated from the last outbreak of bovine tuberculosis in ca�le in the Czech Republic in 1995. M. avium complex (MAC) isolates came from 6 870 (94.8%) animals: 55.7% M. a. avium isolates were mainly of serotypes 2 and 3 and genotype IS901+ and IS1245+ and 39.2% M. a. hominissuis isolates were mainly of serotypes 4, 8 and 9 and genotype IS901-and IS1245+. Conditionally pathogenic mycobacteria (M. chelonae, M. terrae, M. phlei and M. fortuitum) were isolated from 371 (5.1%) pigs. In the whole period monitored, two marked increases in the findings of tuberculous lesions were recorded: In the mid-1990s as a result of using deep bedding with wood shavings and at the end of the 1990s as a result of supplementing the pigs' feed with peat. The predominant occurrence of M. a. avium isolates of genotype IS901+ and IS1245+ in the first half of the 1990s was replaced above all by M. a. hominissuis isolates of genotype IS901-and IS1245+. The reason for this was probably a change in the sources of infection for pigs. While at the beginning of the 1990s the most frequent source of infection were wild and domestic birds, various parts of the external environment became the source of the infection for pigs from the mid-1990s. In the years 1996 to 1999, Rhodococcus equi was isolated from 203 (11.6%) of the 1 745 animals examined. It was solely isolated from 154 (8.8%) animals and from 49 (2.8%) animals together with mycobacteria.

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“…In cattle, as in swine, the organism may be isolated from granulomas in lymph nodes, usually respiratory tract nodes (105). In both species, the lesions from which R. equi have been isolated strikingly resemble those of tuberculosis and have therefore generated considerable interest among veterinarians.…”

Section: Natural Infections In Other Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhodococcus equi: an animal and human pathogen

1991

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Recent isolations of Rhodococcus equi from cavitatory pulmonary disease in patients with AIDS have aroused interest among medical microbiologists in this unusual organism. Earlier isolations from humans had also been in immunosuppressed patients following hemolymphatic tumors or renal transplantation. This organism has been recognized for many years as a cause of a serious pyogranulomatous pneumonia of young foals and is occasionally isolated from granulomatous lesions in several other species, in some cases following immunosuppression. The last decade has seen many advances in understanding of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and immunity to infection in foals. The particular susceptibility of the foal is not understood but can be explained in part by a combination of heavy challenge through the respiratory route coinciding with declining maternally derived antibody in the absence of fully competent foal cellular immune mechanisms. R. equi is largely a soil organism but is widespread in the feces of herbivores. Its growth in soil is considerably improved by simple nutrients it obtains from herbivore manure. About one-third of human patients who have developed R. equi infections had contact in some way with herbivores or their manure. Others may have acquired infection from contact with soil or wild bird manure. R. equi is an intracellular parasite, which explains the typical pyogranulomatous nature of R. equi infections, the predisposition to infection in human patients with defective cell-mediated immune mechanisms, and the efficacy of antimicrobial drugs that penetrate phagocytic cells.

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Lymphadenitis in cattle associated with Corynebacterium equi: A problem in bovine tuberculosis diagnosis

Cited by 28 publications

References 6 publications

THE DISTRIBUTION OF MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS IN QUEENSLAND CATTLE HERDS WITH OBSERVATIONS ON THE LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF TUBERCULOSIS

THE DISTRIBUTION OF MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS IN QUEENSLAND CATTLE HERDS WITH OBSERVATIONS ON THE LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF TUBERCULOSIS

Tuberculous lesions in pigs in the Czech Republic in the years 1990-1999: occurrence, causal factors and economic losses

Rhodococcus equi: an animal and human pathogen

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