Lymph Node Transplantation and Its Immunological Significance in Animal Models

Büettner, Manuela; Bode, Ulrike

doi:10.1155/2011/353510

Cited by 19 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…34 Here, LNs from IL-7-CrexR26-EYFP mice were transplanted under the renal capsule of adult C57BL/6 mice. LNs became necrotic and had …”

Section: Importance Of Il-7-producing Stromal Cells During Ln Reconstmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…34 Here, LNs from IL-7-CrexR26-EYFP mice were transplanted under the renal capsule of adult C57BL/6 mice. LNs became necrotic and had lost their structural integrity, but subsequent reconstruction processes led to restoration of LN structure, including full vascularization (supplemental Figure 3).…”

Section: Importance Of Il-7-producing Stromal Cells During Ln Reconstmentioning

confidence: 99%

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IL-7–producing stromal cells are critical for lymph node remodeling

Onder

Narang

Scandella

et al. 2012

Blood

145

140

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Nonhematopoietic stromal cells of secondary lymphoid organs form important scaffold and fluid transport structures, such as lymph node (LN) trabeculae, lymph vessels, and conduits. Furthermore, through the production of chemokines and cytokines, these cells generate a particular microenvironment that determines lymphocyte positioning and supports lymphocyte homeostasis. IL-7 is an important stromal cell-derived cytokine that has been considered to be derived mainly from T-cell zone fibroblastic reticular cells. We show here that lymphatic endothelial cells ( IntroductionIL-7 is an important cytokine that controls development and activation of different immune cells. 1 The broad expression of this cytokine in primary and secondary lymphoid organs is indicative for its multiple functions. In bone marrow, IL-7 acts on the development of B cells by determining B-cell lineage commitment 2 and regulating immunoglobulin gene arrangement. 3,4 In the thymus, IL-7 serves as a key factor for thymocyte survival and maturation. 5,6 Likewise, IL-7 provides antiapoptotic and proliferative signals to T cells within secondary lymphoid organs and is hence critical for peripheral T-cell homeostasis. 7,8 Furthermore, some intrinsic functions of marginal zone B cells and structural organization of the splenic marginal zone microenvironment depend, at least partially, on IL-7. 9 Besides these effects on T and B lymphocytes, IL-7 can impact on the development of dendritic cells 10 and NK T cells. 11 Hence, because of its pleiotropic functions, IL-7 can be regarded as one of the central regulators of immune cell homeostasis.Besides its direct impact on immune cells, IL-7 acts also on the formation of secondary lymphoid organs. During lymph node (LN) development, for example, IL-7 is produced by VCAM1 ϩ ICAM1 ϩ mesenchymal cells, also known as stromal organizer cells. 12 Stromal cell-derived IL-7 promotes survival of lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells 13 that initiate lymphotoxin-␤ receptor-dependent formation of the LN environment. 14 The importance of IL-7 in LN development and maturation is illustrated by the absence of most peripheral LNs in IL-7R␣-deficient mice. 15,16 Furthermore, overexpression of IL-7 results in the formation of ectopic lymphoid tissues, 17 suggesting that IL-7 critically contributes to the adaptation of lymphoid organ structure during immune reactions.IL-7 production is tightly regulated and detection of both IL-7 protein and mRNA in situ requires highly sensitive detection systems. 18 It has been suggested that IL-7 produced by stromal cells in secondary lymphoid organs is locally consumed by IL-7R␣-expressing cells and that a production-consumption equilibrium regulates lymphocyte homeostasis. 19 Indeed, a recent study suggested that T-cell homeostasis is controlled by T-cell zone fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs), which exhibited higher IL-7 expression compared with bulk endothelial cell preparations. 20 However, not all IL-7R␣-expressing cells reside in the T-cell zone. For example, IL-7R␣ ϩ ␥␦ T cells ...

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“…34 Here, LNs from IL-7-CrexR26-EYFP mice were transplanted under the renal capsule of adult C57BL/6 mice. LNs became necrotic and had …”

Section: Importance Of Il-7-producing Stromal Cells During Ln Reconstmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Importance Of Il-7-producing Stromal Cells During Ln Reconstmentioning

confidence: 99%

IL-7–producing stromal cells are critical for lymph node remodeling

Onder

Narang

Scandella

et al. 2012

Blood

145

140

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“…10,13,27 It has been reported in a review by Buettner and Bode that lymph node transplantation can be highly successful based on the growth of lymphatic channels. 28 However, this largely depends on the timing, site of transplantation, and origin of lymph nodes. 28 Animal studies and the clinical results have shown that timing seems to be important, as suggested by the "open" lymphatic channel concept in that available lymphatic channels for spontaneous lymphatico-lymphatic anastomosis present after lymphadenectomy decreases with time (Table 1).…”

Section: Promote Lymphangiogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…28 However, this largely depends on the timing, site of transplantation, and origin of lymph nodes. 28 Animal studies and the clinical results have shown that timing seems to be important, as suggested by the "open" lymphatic channel concept in that available lymphatic channels for spontaneous lymphatico-lymphatic anastomosis present after lymphadenectomy decreases with time (Table 1). 9,11 Moreover, human lymph nodes degeneration has been reported to occur more rapidly than previously thought.…”

Section: Promote Lymphangiogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascularized Lymph Node Transfer for Treatment of Lymphedema

2015

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“…1Y6 There are different small and large animal models for lymph node transplantation tested in rats, mice, rabbits, pigs, sheep, and dogs. 7 However, in most of these studies, the lymph nodes were used as free grafts. Currently, there are few experimental small animal models of vascularized lymph node transplantation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Vascularized Cervical Lymph Node Transplantation Model

Uygur

Öztürk

Bozkurt

et al. 2013

Annals of Plastic Surgery

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To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing vascularized lymph node flap in the head and neck region of a rat. Our lymph node flap preparation technique confirmed the presence of 5 to 6 lymph nodes within the flap. The presented vascularized lymph node flap can be applied to transplantation studies, lymphedema studies, and to studies on immunological mechanism of tolerance and rejection.

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Lymph Node Transplantation and Its Immunological Significance in Animal Models

Cited by 19 publications

References 42 publications

IL-7–producing stromal cells are critical for lymph node remodeling

IL-7–producing stromal cells are critical for lymph node remodeling

Vascularized Lymph Node Transfer for Treatment of Lymphedema

A New Vascularized Cervical Lymph Node Transplantation Model

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