Lyme Nephritis

Littman, Meryl P.

doi:10.1002/9781119028994.ch101

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In the current study, proteinuric Golden Retrievers were more likely to be B burgdorferi seroreactive, compared to all other breeds, and coinfection was documented in 4 of 14 Golden Retrievers. This association may support previous studies that have documented an increased risk for Golden Retrievers developing Lyme nephropathy, presumably because of a breed‐specific genetic predisposition …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

A retrospective study of vector‐borne disease prevalence in dogs with proteinuria: Southeastern United States

Purswell

Lashnits

Breitschwerdt

et al. 2020

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background Proteinuria is a risk factor for progressive kidney injury in dogs. Enhanced understanding of potential associations between canine vector‐borne diseases (CVBD) and proteinuria is needed. Objectives To determine the proportion of evaluated proteinuric dogs exposed to ≥1 CVBD, including Babesia spp., Ehrlichia spp., spotted‐fever group Rickettsia, Bartonella spp., Anaplasma spp., hemotropic Mycoplasma spp., Borrelia burgdorferi, and Dirofilaria immitis, and to determine if demographic or clinicopathologic differences exist between proteinuric dogs exposed to CVBD versus proteinuric dogs with no evidence of CVBD exposure. Animals Two‐hundred nine proteinuric dogs, concurrently tested for CVBD, which were examined at a single academic veterinary hospital between January 2008 and December 2015. Methods Retrospective cross‐sectional study. Demographic, clinicopathologic, and CVBD test results were extracted from medical records. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to assess associations between CVBD and selected variables. Results Based on serology and polymerase chain reaction testing, 34% of proteinuric dogs (72/209) were exposed to ≥1 CVBD. Exposure to Rickettsia spp. (19%), Ehrlichia spp. (12%), and B. burgdorferi (9%) were most common. The CVBD exposure was lower in dogs tested in autumn or spring, higher in intact dogs, and higher in dogs with lower serum albumin and higher serum creatinine concentrations. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Exposure to CVBD, particularly exposure to Rickettsia spp., Ehrlichia spp., and B. burgdorferi was found in proteinuric dogs from the southeast United States. Additional controlled prospective studies examining a potential causal relationship between CVBD and proteinuria are warranted.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

A retrospective study of vector‐borne disease prevalence in dogs with proteinuria: Southeastern United States

Purswell

Lashnits

Breitschwerdt

et al. 2020

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…Common clinical signs of Lyme disease in dogs include shifting limb lameness, fever, and decreased food intake 4 . In rare cases, a potentially fatal protein‐losing nephropathy, or Lyme nephritis, has been documented 9,10 . Several qualitative and quantitative serological tests detect antibodies to Bb, but they can only identify exposure to the bacterium, and results do not correlate directly with disease 9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 In rare cases, a potentially fatal protein-losing nephropathy, or Lyme nephritis, has been documented. 9,10 Several qualitative and quantitative serological tests detect antibodies to Bb, but they can only identify exposure to the bacterium, and results do not correlate directly with disease. 9 Because antibody titers can remain high for many months, it is difficult to determine when the dog was exposed to Bb.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…9Nonetheless, the approach after a positive Bb test result in a dog without clinical signs is not entirely clear. As the body of evidence on Lyme nephritis has continued to grow, screening of seropositive dogs for proteinuria has become strongly recommended 9,10. Of the respondents who do routinely test, a little over half of them perform urinalysis on all seropositive dogs, which represents an opportunity to further promote this best practice among Canadian veterinarians.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Assessing knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Canadian veterinarians with regard to Lyme disease in dogs

Nichol

Weese

Evason

et al. 2021

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background: The blacklegged tick (BLT) is a vector for the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb), which causes Lyme disease. Range expansion of the BLT in Canada is related to an increased risk of Lyme disease in many regions. Current literature, such as the 2018 American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine consensus statement, suggests that there may be differences in the approaches of veterinarians who encounter dogs exposed to Bb and dogs with Lyme disease. Objectives: To determine current knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Canadian veterinarians regarding Lyme disease in dogs. Animals: None. Methods: An online survey was distributed to Canadian veterinarians through veterinary associations and industries. Survey responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics, spatial analysis, Fisher's exact tests, and univariable logistic regression. Results: At the completion of the survey, 192 responses were received from veterinarians practicing in all 10 Canadian provinces. Answers to short scenario and treatment questions reflected a wide variety of clinical approaches taken by veterinarians. Regional differences were seen in reported tick distribution and clinical approaches. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Regional differences and generalized differences were found in approaches used by responding Canadian veterinarians with regard to managing Bb exposure and Lyme disease in dogs. We identified areas for future research and knowledge mobilization for veterinarians. K E Y W O R D S blacklegged tick, Borrelia burgdorferi, canine vector-borne disease, veterinary best practices 1 | INTRODUCTION In Canada, the blacklegged tick (BLT), Ixodes scapularis, and the western BLT, Ixodes pacificus, are vectors for the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb). 1,2 This bacterium is the causative agent of Lyme disease, which affects dogs, humans, and horses. 3,4 Over the past decade in Canada, BLT range expansion and an increase in Bb seropositivity in dogs have occurred. 5,6 Established BLT populations now exist in por

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“…Ld is caused by some species of the Lb group, or Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex [ 5 ], although only Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto is routinely monitored in North America [ 6 , 7 ]. Ld is marked by a panoply of multisystemic symptoms that affect the musculoskeletal, respiratory, circulatory, nervous, and other systems, which can have debilitating or in some cases fatal, health consequences [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring Risk: Tick and Borrelia burgdorferi Public Participatory Surveillance in the Canadian Maritimes, 2012–2020

et al. 2021

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Ticks are vectors of many diseases, including Lyme disease (Ld). Lyme disease is an emerging disease in Canada caused by infection with the Lyme borreliosis (Lb) members of the Borrelia genus of spirochaete bacteria, of which Borrelia burgdorferi is regionally the most prevalent. The primary tick vector in central and eastern Canada, Ixodes scapularis, is increasing in numbers and in the geographical extent of established populations. This study documents the distribution of ticks recovered by passive surveillance, and their B. burgdorferi infection prevalence, in three Canadian Maritime provinces from 2012–2020. These regions represent areas in which tick populations are widely established, establishing, and considered non-established. Using a community science approach by partnering with veterinarians and members of the public, we collected over 7000 ticks from the 3 provinces. The three species found most often on companion animals and humans were I. scapularis (76.9%), Ixodes cookei (10.4%) and Dermacentor variabilis (8.9%). The most common hosts were dogs (60.5%), cats (16.8%) and humans (17.6%). As is typical of passive surveillance tick collections, the majority of ticks recovered were adult females; for I. scapularis 90.2%, 5.3%, 3.9% and 0.6% of the total of 5630 ticks recovered for this species were adult females, adult males, nymphs and larvae, respectively. The majority of B. burgdorferi-infected ticks were I. scapularis, as expected. Borrelia infection prevalence in I scapularis was higher in Nova Scotia (20.9%), the province with the most endemic regions, than New Brunswick (14.1%) and Prince Edward Island (9.1%), provinces thought to have established and non-established tick populations, respectively. The province-wide Borrelia infection prevalence generally increased in these latter tow provinces over the course of the study. The host did not have a significant effect on B. burgdorferi infection prevalence; I. scapularis ticks from dogs, cats, humans was, 13.3% (n = 3622), 15.6% (n = 817), 17.9% (n = 730), respectively. No I. scapularis larvae were found infected (n = 33) but B. burgdorferi was detected in 14.8% of both adults (n = 5140) and nymphs (n = 215). The incidence of B. burgdorferi infection also did not differ by engorgement status 15.0% (n = 367), 15.1% (n = 3101) and 14.4% (n = 1958) of non-engorged, engorged and highly engorged ticks, respectively, were infected. In New Brunswick, at the advancing front of tick population establishment, the province-wide infection percentages generally increased over the nine-year study period and all health district regions showed increased tick recoveries and a trend of increased percentages of Borrelia-infected ticks over the course of the study. Within New Brunswick, tick recoveries but not Borrelia infection prevalence were significantly different from endemic and non-endemic regions, suggesting cryptic endemic regions existed prior to their designation as a risk area. Over the 9 years of the study, tick recoveries increased in New Brunswick, the primary study region, and I. scapularis recoveries spread northwards and along the coast, most but not all new sites of recoveries were predicted by climate-based models, indicating that ongoing tick surveillance is necessary to accurately detect all areas of risk. Comparison of tick recoveries and public health risk areas indicates a lag in identification of risk areas. Accurate and timely information on tick distribution and the incidence of Borrelia and other infections are essential for keeping the public informed of risk and to support disease prevention behaviors.

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Lyme Nephritis

Cited by 4 publications

References 21 publications

A retrospective study of vector‐borne disease prevalence in dogs with proteinuria: Southeastern United States

A retrospective study of vector‐borne disease prevalence in dogs with proteinuria: Southeastern United States

Assessing knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Canadian veterinarians with regard to Lyme disease in dogs

Monitoring Risk: Tick and Borrelia burgdorferi Public Participatory Surveillance in the Canadian Maritimes, 2012–2020

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