Lyme borreliae prevalence and genospecies distribution in ticks removed from humans

Waindok, Patrick; Schicht, Sabine; Fingerle, Volker; Strübe, Christina

doi:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2017.05.003

Cited by 22 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…B. afzelii was found in all determined triple-infections in the present study and was frequently found in triple-infections in 2010 [ 9 ]. However, triple-infections appear to be a consistently rare event as ticks are required to feed from multiple hosts, multiple-infected hosts or acquire an infection via co-feeding with (multiple-) infected ticks [ 5 , 39 ]. The absence of quadruple-infections in 2015 was also not unexpected, as detection was only described once in 2010 [ 9 ] but not in 2005 [ 11 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shifts in Borrelia burgdorferi (s.l.) geno-species infections in Ixodes ricinus over a 10-year surveillance period in the city of Hanover (Germany) and Borrelia miyamotoi-specific Reverse Line Blot detection

et al. 2018

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BackgroundLyme borreliosis caused by spirochetes of the Borrelia burgdorferi (sensu lato) complex is still the most common tick-borne disease in Europe, posing a considerable threat to public health. The predominant vector in Europe is the widespread hard tick Ixodes ricinus, which also transmits the relapsing fever spirochete B. miyamotoi as well as pathogenic Rickettsiales (Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Rickettsia spp.). To assess the public health risk, a long-term monitoring of tick infection rates with the named pathogens is indispensable.MethodsThe present study is the first German 10-year follow-up monitoring of tick infections with Borrelia spp. and co-infections with Rickettsiales. Furthermore, a specific Reverse Line Blot (RLB) protocol for detection of B. miyamotoi and simultaneous differentiation of B. burgdorferi (s.l.) geno-species was established.ResultsOverall, 24.0% (505/2100) of ticks collected in the city of Hanover were infected with Borrelia. In detail, 35.4% (203/573) of adult ticks [38.5% females (111/288) and 32.3% males (92/285)] and 19.8% nymphs (302/1527) were infected, representing consistent infection rates over the 10-year monitoring period. Geno-species differentiation using RLB determined B. miyamotoi in 8.9% (45/505) of positive ticks. Furthermore, a significant decrease in B. afzelii and B. spielmanii infection rates from 2010 to 2015 was observed. Co-infections with Rickettsia spp. and A. phagocytophilum increased between 2010 and 2015 (7.3 vs 10.9% and 0.3 vs 1.1%, respectively).ConclusionsLong-term monitoring is an essential part of public health risk assessment to capture data on pathogen occurrence over time. Such data will reveal shifts in pathogen geno-species distribution and help to answer the question whether or not climate change influences tick-borne pathogens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, 22 geno-species of the B. burgdorferi ( s.l. ) complex have been identified, with 11 of them occurring throughout Europe [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shifts in Borrelia burgdorferi (s.l.) geno-species infections in Ixodes ricinus over a 10-year surveillance period in the city of Hanover (Germany) and Borrelia miyamotoi-specific Reverse Line Blot detection

et al. 2018

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“…The tick-transmitted bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) is divided into 22 genospecies, of which at least three (B. burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s.), B. afzelii, and B. garinii) cause Lyme borreliosis in humans (Kurtenbach et al, 2006;Waindok, Schicht, Fingerle, & Strube, 2017). Borrelia afzelii primarily infect rodents and B. garinii infect birds, while B. burgdorferi s.s has a wider natural host range, including both rodents and birds (Gern & Humair, 1998;Humair & Gern, 2000).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of spleen transcriptomes of two wild rodent species reveals differences in the immune response against Borrelia afzelii

Zhong

Lundberg

Råberg

2020

Ecology and Evolution

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Different host species often differ considerably in susceptibility to a given pathogen, but the causes of such differences are rarely known. The natural hosts of the tick‐transmitted bacterium Borrelia afzelii, which is one of causative agents of Lyme borreliosis in humans, include a variety of small mammals like voles and mice. Previous studies have shown that B. afzelii‐infected bank voles (Myodes glareolus) have about ten times higher bacterial load than infected yellow‐necked mice (Apodemus flavicollis), indicating that these two species differ in resistance. In this study, we compared the immune response to B. afzelii infection in these host species by using RNA sequencing to quantify gene expression in spleen. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed that several immune pathways were down‐regulated in infected animals in both bank voles and yellow‐necked mice. Moreover, IFNα response was up‐regulated in B. afzelii‐infected yellow‐necked mice, while IL6 signaling and the complement pathway were down‐regulated in infected bank voles; differences in regulation of these three pathways between bank voles and yellow‐necked mice could thus contribute to the difference in resistance to B. afzelii between the species. This study provides knowledge of gene expression induced by a zoonotic pathogen in its natural host, and possible species‐specific regulation of immune responses associated with resistance.

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“…The B. burgdorferi s.l. complex consists of at least 22 Borrelia species 45,46 45,47,48 . B. miyamotoi is a relapsing fever species, which is also associated with the I. ricinus tick, causing infections in humans presenting mostly with flu-like symptoms such as fever, chills, and severe headache.…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato Correlation mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the I. ricinus tick takes two or three blood meals during its developmental cycle, one tick can be infected by multiple species of Borrelia, i.e. co-infected 45 . The tick can also be infected by other bacteria, viruses, and parasites e.g.…”

Section: Pathogen Transmission -From Reservoir Host To Tickmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and serological tools for clinical diagnostics of Lyme borreliosis - can the laboratory analysis be improved?

Lager

2020

Linköping University Medical Dissertations

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Lyme borreliosis (LB) is caused by spirochetes within the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex and is the most common tick-transmitted disease in the northern hemisphere. The transmission of the spirochetes to humans in Europe is done by the Ixodes ricinus ticks, which can also transmit the relapsing fever species Borrelia miyamotoi. LB may cause clinical manifestations in the skin, in the central nervous system, in joints, and in the heart. Diagnosis of LB is mainly based on the patient´s medical history, self-described symptoms, and clinical signs in combination with the detection of Borrelia-specific antibodies (serological methods). In some cases/issues, detection of Borrelia-specific deoxyribonucleic acid (molecular methods) may be used as a complement to serology. All diagnosed LB infections are treated with antibiotics to prevent disease progression, and most patients fully recover without further sequelae. The overall aims of this thesis were to evaluate molecular and serological tools for laboratory diagnosis of LB, with a special focus on Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB), and to identify potential improvements. The results presented in this thesis showed that the immunoglobulin (Ig) G assays, currently in use in northern Europe for detection of antibodies in serum, had high diagnostic sensitivity (88 %) together with comparable results both between and within assays. For the IgM assays, the diagnostic sensitivity was lower (59 %) with more heterogeneous results. Small variations in diagnostic performance for IgM and IgG were mainly presented for samples within the borderline zone. These results support the theory that separate testing of IgM antibodies in serum has low diagnostic value. However, simultaneous detection in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for both IgM and IgG antibodies was essential for the diagnosis of LNB, at least for certain assays. So far (to our knowledge), no systematic evaluation and optimisation of the pre-analytical handling of CSF samples before molecular testing has been performed. By use of the precipitate concentrated by moderate centrifugation, extraction of total nucleic acid followed by reversetranscription to complementary deoxyribonucleic acid, in combination with the absence of Abstract polymerase chain reaction (PCR) inhibitors, detection of Borrelia garinii, Borrelia afzelii, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, and B. miyamotoi was possible. These four species are all known to be pathogenic to humans. The results revealed a high analytical sensitivity and specificity for the optimised pre-analytical conditions. The thesis also presents results showing that the real-time PCR protocols currently used in Scandinavia have high analytical sensitivity, specificity, and concordance. This indicates that the low diagnostic sensitivity for detection of Borrelia in CSF was not a result of poorly designed and evaluated PCR protocols, but was possibly due to the low number of spirochetes in the samples. However, to further evaluate the diagnostic performance for detection of Bo...

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Lyme borreliae prevalence and genospecies distribution in ticks removed from humans

Cited by 22 publications

References 40 publications

Shifts in Borrelia burgdorferi (s.l.) geno-species infections in Ixodes ricinus over a 10-year surveillance period in the city of Hanover (Germany) and Borrelia miyamotoi-specific Reverse Line Blot detection

Shifts in Borrelia burgdorferi (s.l.) geno-species infections in Ixodes ricinus over a 10-year surveillance period in the city of Hanover (Germany) and Borrelia miyamotoi-specific Reverse Line Blot detection

Comparison of spleen transcriptomes of two wild rodent species reveals differences in the immune response against Borrelia afzelii

Molecular and serological tools for clinical diagnostics of Lyme borreliosis - can the laboratory analysis be improved?

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