Lycopersene: A review on extraction, identification and purification and applications

Abstract

Lycopersene is a stable and safe triterpenoid. Lycopersen had utilized as an antioxidant, antimutagenic, antiproliferative, cytotoxicity, antibacterial and pesticide. Obtaining pure Lycopersene from natural sources is very important for fundamental research and the above applications. The present overview provides an up‐to‐date and comprehensive summary of the various methods used for extraction, isolation and purification of Lycopersene from natural sources with its applications in food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical fields. Many different extraction methods ranging from conventional techniques (e.g. Soxhlet extraction, Maceration and Rotary evaporator) and other advanced extraction technologies (e.g. Solid‐phase microextraction, steam distillation with Clevenger, Clevenger apparatus, Chromatography on SiO2 column, centrifuge, sonication) had been used to obtain Lycopersene from flora and fauna. Purification techniques, alone or in combination, have been investigated for isolation and purification of Lycopersene from crude extracts in various natural sources. The review of Lycopersene identified cap areas like purity and application in various fields.

The Promiscuity of Squalene Synthase-Like Enzyme: Dehydrosqualene Synthase, a Natural Squalene Hyperproducer?

“…The (+) APCI/Orbitrap mass spectra showed pseudomolecular ions ([M + H] + ) at m / z 411.3985, 409.3829, 545.5081, and 547.5237 for squalene, dehydrosqualene, phytoene, and hydrogenated phytoene (lycopersene), respectively. Their MS/MS behaviors were identical to previous reports: m / z 545 → 137, 81, and 69 for phytoene; m / z 547 → 137, 121, and 69 for lycopersene; m / z 409 → 326, 299, 215, and 159 for dehydrosqualene; and m / z 411 → 329, 287, 259, 231, 149, 109, and 69 for squalene, − as depicted in Figure and Figures S1–S4.…”

Comparison of different extraction methods of active ingredients of Chinese medicine and natural products

“…Lipids in plant and animal cells [13], Carotenoids [14], Astaxanthin in microorganisms [15], Anthocyanin in Plant cells [16], Hesperidin in plant [17], Capsaicin [18], Rutin in plant [19], Artemisinin [20], Tea polysaccharides [21], Lycopersene [22], chitin and chitosan [23]. A few (e.g., Zhang et al) have summarized various separation techniques applied in the extraction of traditional CM and natural products [24], but the classification was different from our work.…”

“…In addition, the summary of various extraction technologies is not comprehensive enough. For example, review on the extraction of Plant essential oil [11], Lycium barbarum polysaccharides [12], Lipids in plant and animal cells [13], Carotenoids [14], Astaxanthin in microorganisms [15], Anthocyanin in Plant cells [16], Hesperidin in plant [17], Capsaicin [18], Rutin in plant [19], Artemisinin [20], Tea polysaccharides [21], Lycopersene [22], chitin and chitosan [23]. A few (e.g., Zhang et al.)…”