Lycopene Accumulation Induced by 2-(4-Chlorophenylthio)-Triethylamine Hydrochloride

Coggins, Charles W.; Henning, Gilbert L.; Yokoyama, Hidekatsu

doi:10.1126/science.168.3939.1589

Cited by 105 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In the first case, we evaluated the activity of the plastidial GGPP synthase and phytoene synthase in control and elicited pericarp discs using labeled IPP. In the second case, we artificially boosted the plastid carotenoid pathway with CPTA, which is known to induce massive synthesis of lycopene (Coggins et al, 1970), and analyzed in parallel the cellulase-elicited capsidiol formation. This procedure facilitates the quantitative analysis, since mevalonic acid or any other labeled precursor is poorly incorporated in vivo into the carotenoid fraction during short incubation times (Treharne et al, 1966).…”

Section: Stress Regulation Of Plastidial and Cytosolic Isoprenoid Patmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Developmental and Stress Regulation of Gene Expression for Plastid and Cytosolic Isoprenoid Pathways in Pepper Fruits

et al. 1996

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Plant cells synthesize a myriad of isoprenoid compounds in different subcellular compartments, which include the plastid, the mitochondria, and the endoplasmic reticulum cytosol. To start the study of the regulation of these parallel pathways, we used pepper (Capsicum annuum) fruit as a model. Using different isoprenoid biosynthetic gene probes from cloned cDNAs, we showed that only genes encoding the plastid enzymes (geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase, phytoene synthase, phytoene desaturase, and capasanthin-capsorubin synthase) are specifically triggered during the normal period of development, at the ripening stage. This pattern of expression can be mimicked and precociously induced by a simple wounding stress. Concerning the cytosol-located enzymes, we observed that the expression of the gene encoding farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase is constitutive, whereas that of farnesyl pyrophosphate cyclase (5-epi-aristolochene synthase) is undetectable during the normal development of the fruit. The expression of these later genes are, however, only selectively triggered after elicitor treatment. The results provide evidence for developmental control of isoprenoid biosynthesis occurring in plastids and that cytoplasmic isoprenoid biosynthesis is regulated, in part, by environmental signals.

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Section: Stress Regulation Of Plastidial and Cytosolic Isoprenoid Patmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). Second, this pathway can be redirected to the intense synthesis of lycopene using CPTA (Coggins et al, 1970). Third, under stress conditions, active synthesis of capsidiol through the intermediacy of 5-epi-aristolochene synthase occurs in the cytosol (Watson and Brooks, 1984).…”

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confidence: 99%

Developmental and Stress Regulation of Gene Expression for Plastid and Cytosolic Isoprenoid Pathways in Pepper Fruits

et al. 1996

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“…could then be a partial inhibition of th e reactio n from hydroxy-m onoene to diene valep o triates. In terac tio n o f bioregulators at tw o sites was also know n from carotenogenesis w here C P T A was first found to in hibit cyclase(s) and p reventing ß-carotin fo rm atio n [12]. This w ould indicate th a t diene v alep o triates are th e final step in the p ro p o sed sequence of v alep o tri ate biosynthesis, b ut this should fu rth e r be exam ined.…”

Section: E Ffect O F D C P T a And D Ip T A On Valepotriate Pro D U Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…B ioregulators w ere com m only used to alter the process of plant d evelopm ent [9]. C om pounds such as 2-chloroethyl-trim ethylam - Unauthenticated Download Date | 6/7/19 6:16 AM in the basic stru ctu re related to C C C , induced carotenogenesis in citrus [12]. A large n um b er of new derivatives has been synthesized and tested for th eir structure-activity relationship on the synthesis of carotenoids and polyisoprenoids [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Plant Bioregulators on the Production of Iridoid Derived Terpenoids in Valeriana wallichii and Fedia cornucopiae Cell Suspension Cultures

Förster

Becker

1987

Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung C

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D edicated to Professor Erich H ecker on the occasion o f his 60th birthdayPlant Bioregulators, V alepotriates, Suspension Cultures, Valeriana wallichii, Fedia cornucopiae Four plant bioregulators were tested for their effects on production o f valepotriates in Valeriana wallichii and Fedia cornucopiae cell suspension cultures. Concentrations o f more than 10 ppm reduced valepotriate yield. A t lower concentrations production was increased. For optimal activi ty, bioregulators had to be applied during early exponential growth, up to day 8 of the growth cycle. A t equimolar concentrations dim ethylm orpholinium bromide (4 ppm) and dimethylpiperidinium chloride (3 ppm) significantly im proved total valepotriates in V. wallichii (up to a n d i n F r n r n u r n n i n e (lin t o 5 0 % ) 4 -r l i r h l n r n n h p n n Y v ) -t r i > t h y l a m i n f ' ( 6 n n m ) a n r l 2-(3,5-diisopropylphenoxy)-triethylam ine (6.4 ppm ) increased valepotriate production in both cell cultures up to 40% . With dim ethylpiperidinium chloride and dimethylmorpholinium bromide the ratio o f m onoene to diene valepotriates in both cell systems was significantly shifted to the m onoene com pounds. A general use o f these bioregulators to increase production of terpenoid secondary m etabolites in plant tissue cultures is indicated.

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“…Due to the potential inhibition in vivo of lycopene cyclization by amine derivatives (8) and to the lipophilic nature of lycopene, we prepared and tested the activity of undecyldiethylamine and tridecyldiethylamine as cyclase inhibitors. The results (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demonstration and Solubilization of Lycopene Cyclase from Capsicum Chromoplast Membranes

Camara¹,

Dogbo²

1986

Plant Physiol.

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The conversion of phytoene into fl-carotene was demonstrated previously in chromoplast membranes prepared from Capsicum fruits (B. Camara et al. 1982 Eur J Biochem 127: 255-258). The direct cyclization of lycopene into fl-carotene and the successful solubilization of the enzymic activity involved in this reaction is reported.incubation time, the reaction was stopped by the addition of 4 ml of chloroform:methanol (2:1, v/v). Carrier amounts (100 ,g) of i-carotene, y-carotene, a-carotene, and lycopene were added to facilitate the location of the reaction products. Preliminary chromatography was achieved on Silica Gel G plates developed with 40 to 60°C petroleum ether ether (99:1, v/v), which separates the bicyclic carotene fraction (a-carotene and ,Bcarotene with a higher RF value) from lycopene (lower RF value). The Through the use of isolated chromoplast membranes, we have shown that labeled phytoene is desaturated, isomerized, and cyclized to yield ,B-carotene (6). Lycopene plays a mandatory role in this sequence of reactions in that it is the direct substrate for cyclization, as shown by Camara and Moneger (7). We report here the direct cyclization oflycopene by Capsicum chromoplast membranes and the solubilization of the enzymic activity involved.MATERlALS AND METHODS Capsicum Chromoplast Membranes. The chromoplast membranes were prepared as described previously (5). The medium used for osmotic shock contained: 1 mM MgCl2, 10 mm DTT, and 50 mm Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.6). The resulting homogenate was frozen overnight at -20°C before centrifugation at 100,000g to obtain a pellet containing membranes.Solubilization of Lycopene Cyclase Activity. The above membrane fraction was dispersed in 20 ml of buffer solution containing 1 mM MgC92, 10 mm DTT, and 50 mm and quickly added to 200 ml of freshly distilled acetone kept at -20C. The aggregates were dispersed with a Teflon pestle. The solution was filtered within 1 min and the residue was extracted again using the same procedure. The residual acetone powder was washed twice with 50 ml of freshly distilled ether at -20°C. The dried powder was extracted with a buffer solution containing 5 mM DTT and 100 mm K2HPO4-KH2PO4 buffer (pH 7). After centrifugation at 100,000g for 4 h, the supernatant was used for enzymic determinations.

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Lycopene Accumulation Induced by 2-(4-Chlorophenylthio)-Triethylamine Hydrochloride

Cited by 105 publications

References 6 publications

Developmental and Stress Regulation of Gene Expression for Plastid and Cytosolic Isoprenoid Pathways in Pepper Fruits

Developmental and Stress Regulation of Gene Expression for Plastid and Cytosolic Isoprenoid Pathways in Pepper Fruits

Effects of Plant Bioregulators on the Production of Iridoid Derived Terpenoids in Valeriana wallichii and Fedia cornucopiae Cell Suspension Cultures

Demonstration and Solubilization of Lycopene Cyclase from Capsicum Chromoplast Membranes

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