“…On the other hand, LRM has black fruits and contains more anthocyanins, tannins, and phenolics [ 11 ], which may potentially lead to stronger antioxidant effects. The main components of these berries include polysaccharides (like Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBPs), generally consisting of six monosaccharides, including galactose, glucose, rhamnose, arabinose, mannose, and xylose) [ 12 , 13 ], betaine, and other compounds [ 14 , 15 ]. Red-fruited goji berries are rich in carotenoid components like Zeaxanthin, β-Carotene, and Lutein, while black-fruited goji berries contain higher levels of anthocyanin-like components and unique components such as lyrium spermidine A ( Figure 1 ) [ 16 ].…”