2005
DOI: 10.1007/s10955-004-2687-4
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Lyapunov Modes in Hard-Disk Systems

Abstract: We consider simulations of a two-dimensional gas of hard disks in a rectangular container and study the Lyapunov spectrum near the vanishing Lyapunov exponents. To this spectrum are associated "eigen-directions", called Lyapunov modes. We carefully analyze these modes and show how they are naturally associated with vector fields over the container. We also show that the Lyapunov exponents, and the coupled dynamics of the modes (where it exists) follow linear laws, whose coefficients only depend on the density … Show more

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Cited by 49 publications
(119 citation statements)
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“…However, only the first two of these (1) are observed (as the two-point steps or transverse modes) [6,8]. The second two modes are longi-tudinal and we notice that the last two basis vectors (3) have time dependent normalisation coefficients.…”
mentioning
confidence: 81%
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“…However, only the first two of these (1) are observed (as the two-point steps or transverse modes) [6,8]. The second two modes are longi-tudinal and we notice that the last two basis vectors (3) have time dependent normalisation coefficients.…”
mentioning
confidence: 81%
“…These steps in the spectrum are accompanied by global wavelike structures in the corresponding Lyapunov vectors, or Lyapunov modes [5,6,7,8]. The significance of this phenomenon is that this structure appears in the vectors associated with the Lyapunov exponents that are closest to zero, therefore it is connected with the slow macroscopic behavior of the system.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…, t. If t 0 ≫ 1 we can assume these CLVs to be perfectly converged. Now repeat the backward procedure starting for some randomly chosen vector at time (44) and evolve backward up to time n. This procedure, allows to study the convergence towards v (i) n of the "approximate" CLV u (i) n (k) as a function of the finite backward evolution time k on which the vector depends. Let us define δu…”
Section: Convergence Towards the Covariant Lyapunov Vectorsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…From this point of view, Lyapunov exponents with small absolute values are connected to large and macroscopic timescale behavior of many-body systems, and in this region the wave-like structure of Lyapunov vectors, known as the Lyapunov modes, is observed [14,15,16,17,18]. The Lyapunov mode is a reflection of a collective movement (phonon mode) of many-body systems, and comes from dynamical conservation laws and translational invariance [18,19,20,21]. On the other hand, large Lyapunov exponents are dominated by small and microscopic time-scale movement, and in this region the spatially localized behavior of Lyapunov vector, the so-called Lyapunov localization, appears [22,23,24,25,26,27,28].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%