LXVII.—<i>Experiments with</i> Amphitrite <i>and its commensals</i>

Orton, J. H.; Sc, Carroll

doi:10.1080/00222933508655094

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…As a result of preliminary experiments with terebellid commensals (Davenport, 1953)3 the author stated that his observations indicated 'that a chemotaxis to the host may be of relatively minor importance in governing the behaviour of these commensals'. Clearly, this conclusion is no longer tenable; the observation of Orton & Smith (1935) that 'there is a tropic response on the part of the polynoid, causing it to enter an Amphitrite burrow whenever possible' was, although unsupported by data, correct.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Studies in the Physiology of Commensalism. IV. the Polynoid Genera Polynoë, Lepidasthenia and Harmothoe

Davenport

1953

J. Mar. Biol. Ass.

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The host-response of the polynoid Polynoë scolopendrina Savigny, commensal with the terebellid Polymnia nebulosa (Montagu), is relatively specific within the family Terebellidae.Evidence is presented that an unstable or closely bound attractant is present on the outside of the host and perhaps in tube material, but apparently absent in the mucus secreted by the host. Efforts to demonstrate its presence in ground-up whole host resulted in failure.The polynoid Lepidasthenia argus Hodgson demonstrates a similar specificity of response to its host Amphitrite edwardsi Quatrefages.The polynoid Harmothoë spinifera Ehlers, commensal with Amphitrite gracilis Grube, responds to the alternate host Polycirrus caliendrum Claparede as strongly as to its own host, and more strongly than to other species of Amphitrite. Likewise, Polynoë scolopendrina, commensal with Polymnia, responds with greater intensity to the alternate host, the eunicid Lysidice ninetta Audouin and Milne-Edwards, than to any non-host terebellid. This behaviour may be i terpreted as evidence that the specificity of at least some single commensal species for hosts which are not closely related to each other may depend upon the production of similar attractants by these hosts.The responses of three commensal populations of Harmothoe lunulata (Delle Chiaje), commensal respectively with the ophiuroid Acrocnida brachiata (Montagu), the holothurian Leptosynapta inhaerens (O. F. Miiller), and the terebellid Amphitrite johnstoni Malmgren were tested against seven alternate hosts. Each gave maximum response to its own host. However, the population from Acrocnida responded as strongly to Leptosynapta as to its own host, while giving no responses at all to any of the other five.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Orton and Smith (1935), using Gattyana and Lepidasthenia, conducted brief experiments which they believed' appear to indicate. .…”

Section: Gattyana Cirrosa (Pallas)and!-epidasthenia Argus Hodgsonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies in the Physiology of Commensalism. IV. the Polynoid Genera Polynoë, Lepidasthenia and Harmothoe

Davenport

1953

J. Mar. Biol. Ass.

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“…This result strictly accords with that obtained (Davenport & Hickok, 1951) with another terebellid-polynoid association, that of Amphitrite (Neoamphitrite) robusta (Johnson) and Halosydna brevisetosa Kinberg of Puget Sound. Orton and Smith (1935), using Gattyana and Lepidasthenia, conducted brief experiments which they believed 'appear to indicate.. .that there is a tropic response on the part of the polynoid, causing it to enter an Amphitrite burrow whenever possible.' No data is presented, however, to support this hypothesis.…”

Section: Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies in the Physiology of Commensalism. III. The Polynoid Genera Acholoë, Gattyana and Lepidasthenia

Davenport

1953

J. Mar. Biol. Ass.

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The commensal polynoid Acholoë astericola (Delle Chiaje) exhibits a powerful positive response on contact with its host, Astropecten irregularis (Pennant). This response is only relatively specific, Acholoë demonstrating it to a number of starfish that do not serve as host in Plymouth waters.All living host tissue has some attraction for the commensal; and the attractant is apparently released in quantity in the stomach of the host.Passage of time (apparently as long as tissue remains alive) and chilling do not markedly alter the attractiveness of isolated host tissue. Temperatures above 450 C. alter or abolish its attraction.The extreme instability of the attractant has so far made it impossible to demonstrate its presence in extracts.Evidence is presented that the attractant is rapidly oxidized.Experiments with the scale-worms Gattyana cirrosa (Pallas) and Lepidasthenia argus Hodgson, commensal respectively with Amphitrite johnstoni Malmgren and A. edwardsi Quatrefages, indicate that a chemotaxis to the host may be of relatively minor importance in governing the behaviour of these commensals.

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LXVI.—Experimental regeneration in the Sea of the hind body inArenicola marinaLinn

Orton¹

1935

Annals and Magazine of Natural History

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LXVII.—Experiments with Amphitrite and its commensals

Cited by 5 publications

References 2 publications

Studies in the Physiology of Commensalism. IV. the Polynoid Genera Polynoë, Lepidasthenia and Harmothoe

Studies in the Physiology of Commensalism. IV. the Polynoid Genera Polynoë, Lepidasthenia and Harmothoe

Studies in the Physiology of Commensalism. III. The Polynoid Genera Acholoë, Gattyana and Lepidasthenia

LXVI.—Experimental regeneration in the Sea of the hind body inArenicola marinaLinn

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