LvPPAE2 induced by WSV056 confers host defense against WSSV in Litopenaeus vannamei

Wang, Wei; Luo, Peng; Pan, Changkun; Wang, Qing-Bai; Yuan, Huifang; Liu, Jieping; Jin, Chunying; Chen, Jianming; Wu, Wenlin

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2019.12.002

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…It was showed that RNAi-mediated suppression of PPAEs significantly increased shrimp’s susceptibility to Vibrio harveyi infection [ 37 , 38 ]. Similarly, it was found that knockdown of PPAEs and proPOs increased viral loads and cumulative shrimp mortality after WSSV infection [ 39 , 40 ]. However, mounting evidence have recently suggested that the pathogenic microbes, especially virus, have evolved with various strategies to evade or counter the antiviral melanization for their own benefit.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteomics analysis reveals a critical role for the WSSV immediate-early protein IE1 in modulating the host prophenoloxidase system

Wang

Wei

et al. 2022

Virulence

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White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a large, enveloped, double-stranded DNA virus that threatens shrimp aquaculture worldwide. So far, the mechanisms of WSSV-host interactions are ill-defined. Recent studies have revealed that IE1, an immediate-early protein of WSSV, is a multifunctional modulator implicated in virus–host interactions. In this study, the functions of IE1 were further explored by identifying its interacting proteins using GST-pull down and mass spectrometry analysis. A total of 361 host proteins that potentially bind to IE1 were identified. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the identified IE1-interactors wereinvolved in various signaling pathways such as prophenoloxidase (proPO) system, PI3K-AKT, and MAPK. Among these, the regulatory role of IE1 in shrimp proPO system was further studied. The Co-immunoprecipitation results confirmed that IE1 interacted with the Ig-like domain of Penaeus vannamei proPO or proPO-like protein (hemocyanin). Additionally, we found that knockdown of IE1 reduced viral genes expression and viral loads and increased the hemocytes’ PO activity, whereas recombinant IE1 protein inhibited the PO activity in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, we demonstrated that WSSV could suppress the hemocytes’ PO activity at the early infection stage. Collectively, our current data indicate that IE1 is a novel viral regulator that negatively modulates the shrimp proPO system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteomics analysis reveals a critical role for the WSSV immediate-early protein IE1 in modulating the host prophenoloxidase system

Wang

Wei

et al. 2022

Virulence

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“…The Gal80 ts TARGET system has been used for temporal regulation of WSV056 transgenic expression ( Wang et al, 2020 ). The temperature-sensitive Gal80 ts protein could bind to GAL4 at a permissive temperature of 18°C and antagonize Gal4 activity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, a range of immune-related genes was downregulated in WSV056-expressing flies. The Spr gene CG12116 was the most significantly inhibited by WSV056 ( Wang et al, 2020 ). Consistent with the previous result, the present study showed that the transcription levels of CG12116 and its paralog Sptr were downregulated in response to ectopic WSV056 expression ( Figure 1A ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Firefly luciferase reporter plasmids (pGL3-CG12116-P and pGL3-Sptr-P) were constructed by inserting the promoter region of CG12116 and Sptr PCR amplified from S2 cell gDNA into the pGL3-Basic luciferase reporter vector (Promega, Madison, WI, United States) at the Sac I and Hin dIII restriction sites to analyze the roles of WSV056 in the regulation of CG12116 and Sptr. The fragment containing the ORF of WSV056 was PCR amplified from a pET30a-WSV056 plasmid ( Wang et al, 2020 ) and subcloned into a pCMV-HA vector (Clontech, CA, United States). All of the plasmids were confirmed by DNA sequencing.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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WSV056 Inhibits Shrimp Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity by Downregulating Litopenaeus vannamei Sepiapterin Reductase to Promote White Spot Syndrome Virus Replication

et al. 2021

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Sepiapterin reductase (Spr) plays an essential role in the biosynthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), a key cofactor of multiple enzymes involved in various physiological and immune processes. Suppression of Spr could result in BH4 deficiency-caused diseases in human and murine models. However, information on the biological function of Spr in invertebrates is limited. In this study, two Sprs (CG12116 and Sptr) from Drosophila melanogaster were found to be downregulated in transgenic flies overexpressing white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) immediate-early protein WSV056. CG12116 and Sptr exerted an inhibitory effect on the replication of the Drosophila C virus. A Litopenaeus vannamei Spr (LvSpr) exhibiting similarity of 64.1–67.5% and 57.3–62.2% to that of invertebrate and vertebrate Sprs, respectively, were cloned. L. vannamei challenged with WSSV revealed a significant decrease in LvSpr transcription and Spr activity in hemocytes. In addition, the BH4 co-factored nitric oxide synthase (Nos) activity in shrimp hemocytes was reduced in WSSV-infected and LvSpr knockdown shrimp, suggesting WSSV probably inhibits the LvNos activity through LvSpr downregulation to limit the production of nitric oxide (NO). Knockdown of LvSpr and LvNos caused the reduction in NO level in hemocytes and the increase of viral copy numbers in WSSV-infected shrimp. Supplementation of NO donor DETA/NO or double gene knockdown of WSV056 + LvSpr and WSV056 + LvNos recovered the NO production, whereas the WSSV copy numbers were decreased. Altogether, the findings demonstrated that LvSpr and LvNos could potentially inhibit WSSV. In turn, the virus has evolved to attenuate NO production via LvSpr suppression by WSV056, allowing evasion of host antiviral response to ensure efficient replication.

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WSV056-mediated downregulation of PvSMCT1 contributes to immune evasion of white spot syndrome virus in the infection of Penaeus vannamei

Wang

Chen

et al. 2023

Aquaculture

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LvPPAE2 induced by WSV056 confers host defense against WSSV in Litopenaeus vannamei

Cited by 4 publications

References 64 publications

Proteomics analysis reveals a critical role for the WSSV immediate-early protein IE1 in modulating the host prophenoloxidase system

Proteomics analysis reveals a critical role for the WSSV immediate-early protein IE1 in modulating the host prophenoloxidase system

WSV056 Inhibits Shrimp Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity by Downregulating Litopenaeus vannamei Sepiapterin Reductase to Promote White Spot Syndrome Virus Replication

WSV056-mediated downregulation of PvSMCT1 contributes to immune evasion of white spot syndrome virus in the infection of Penaeus vannamei

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